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Work, Energy, Power
AP Physics 1: Unit 4- Work, Energy, and Power
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | -"doing something" or the "potential to do something" -good transitional quantity -Conserved! Not created nor destroyed, but can be transferred -The currency of the natural world |
| Frictional Energy is a... | nonconservative force |
| Work (W) and "Net Work" (Wnet) | -in J (Joules) -Scalar -energy transferred by a force =Fdcos(theta) -done on something by something else |
| Positive Work | F and d are in the same direction (energy gained) |
| Negative Work | f and d are in opposite directions (energy removed) |
| Kinetic Energy (KE) | -in J -Scalar -the energy something has due to its motion =1/2mv^2 |
| Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem | -Wnet is the sum of the work done on an object by all the forces acting on the object -Wnet is the same as its change in KE Wnet= deltaKE= KEf-KEi Wnet= 1/2mvf^2 -1 /2mvi^2 |
| Conservative Forces | -can store the energy to do work again. ex. lifting, stretching a string. |
| Non-Conservative Forces | -convert energy into forms that cannot do work again (Wnc) ex. friction, drag force, air resistance becomes: heat, sound, vibrations, breaking stuff |
| Gravitational Potential Energy (PEg) | -stored energy that can do work again due to position above an arbitrary "zero line" -work done lifting an object will increase the bleep of the object =mgh |
| Conservation of Mechanical Energy | -systems w/o Wnc -includes: PEg, KE, and PEs MEi=MEf in a closed system 1/2mvi^2 + mghi + 1/2kxi^2 = 1/2mvf^2 + mghf + 1/2kxf^2 |
| Conservation of Energy in general | -always conserved! -in an open system bleep can be transferred in or out of the system by work done on the system Ei= Ef + Wnc |
| Hooke's Law | -describes the force exerted by a stretched or compressed spring Fs= -kx *x does not equal spring length! It's how much the spring is stretched or compressed. *negative sign means Fs and x are always in opposite directions |
| Elastic Potential Energy (PEs) | -energy stored in a spring -also the work done on or by a spring = 1/2kx^2 |
| Power | -the rate at which energy gets transferred (work is done) = w/t = Fd/t = Fv -units: 1 J/s = 1 watt (W) -1 horse power (hp) = 746 watts (W) |
| Work by a Variable Force | can be determined by calculating the area of a force vs distance graph use w/ negative forces (forces that change w/ distance or position) negative area= negative work (energy removed from system) slope= spring constant area= energy stored |
Created by:
azran09
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