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science midterm
intro to phys cp
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is science? | A system of knowledge and the methods your use to find it. |
| What are the building blocks of matter? | atoms |
| what are the steps of the scientific method? | making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing a hypothesis, and drawing conclusions. |
| what are and why do scientists use models? | they use it to easily understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly |
| what is the difference between precision and accuracy? | precision is a gauge of how exact a measurement is, while accuracy is the closeness of a measurement is its accuracy. |
| why is a frame of reference necessary? | To describe motion accurately and completely, a frame of reference is necessary. |
| what is displacement and distance? what is the difference between them? | Distance is the length of a path between two points and displacement is basically a shortcut. |
| how do you calculate distance and displacement? | vector addition |
| what does the slope of a line on a distance-time graph represent? | speed |
| what is a vector? | velocity |
| what is the SI unit for distance and speed? | meters per second (m/s) |
| what is the definition for avg. speed? what is the equation for it? | avg speed = total distance/total time |
| what is the definition of velocity? how do you calculate it? * | 1. speed and direction 2. final velocity - initial velocity over time |
| What is a free fall? Examples? | free fall is when an object falls solely on gravity. ex: a pen falling off a desk w/o force |
| how do you calculate acceleration? | acceleration= change in velocity/total time |
| what is a force? what is its SI unit? | a force can cause a resting object to move, or it can accelerate a moving object by changing the object's speed or direction. SI unit - m/s^2 |
| what are balanced and unbalanced forces? | Balanced forces is when the net force is zero and there is no change in the object's motion. Unbalanced force acts on an object and it accelerates. |
| how do you calculate the net force acting on an object? | subtraction |
| what is friction? describe the 4 types of friction. | friction is a force that opposes the motion of the objects that touch as it passes each other. static, sliding, fluid, and rolling |
| what is terminal velocity? | constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity |
| what is the definition and formula for momentum? | momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity (momentum=mass x velocity) |
| what is the conservation of momentum? | if no net force acts on a system, then the total momentum of the system does not change. |
| how do you calculate acceleration, momentum, and weight? * | |
| What is the definition of pressure? | the result of a force distributed over an area (pressure=force/area) |
| What is the SI unit of pressure? | Pascal (Pa) |
| What is a fluid? What is fluid pressure? What factors affect fluid pressure? | 1. substance that assumes the shape of its container 2. water pressure increases as depth increases. the pressure in a fluid at any given depth is constant, and it is exerted equally in all directions. 3. depth and type of fluid |
| Describe Archimedes' Principle. | the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
| What is water displacement relationship to buoyant force? * | if an object is less dense than the fluid it is in, it will float. if the object more dense than the fluid it is on, it will sink. |
| What is buoyant force? What factors affect it? | buoyant force is the force pushing up against the object in the water |
| Describe Bernoulli's Principle. | as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases |
| What is a lift? How are lifts caused/used on a plane's wings? | the wing has two sides where the air flows - the top has faster air flow while the bottom has slower air flow |
| What factor remains constant throughout the the hydraulic system?* What factor is multiplied?* What principle is it based upon? | 1. 2. 3. Pascal's principle |
| What is density? What are its units? | ratio of an object's mass to its volume |
| How do you calculate pressure? | P=F/a |
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