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Chem Final Chap 1

TermDefinition
Chemistry Science that deals with the material of the universe
Law A statement that summarizes generally observed behavior.
Theory A set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspects of the observed behavior of matter
Scientific Method 1-Observation 2-Hypothesis 3-Experimentation 4-Theory 5-Law
Measurement a quantitative observation
Matter The material of the universe
Quantitative Any method used fro determine the amount of a chemical in a sample (how much)
Qualitative Information about the identity of a atomic or molecular species or the functional groups in that sample (what)
Atom The fundamental units of which elements are composed
Molecules A collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit
What is the difference between a chemical and physical property? Chemical property- Substance changes into a different substances Physical property- Substance does not change
Example of a chemical and physical property Chemical- toxicity Physical- color
What is the difference between a chemical and physical change? Chemical change- Transform substance into a new one. Physical change-physical properties like color,solids,liquids,gasses, but no change in substance.
Examples of chemical and physical change Chemical change- wood burning Physical change-putting color dye in water
Is a change of state a chemical or physical change? Physical change
Products A new substance formed by a chemical reaction, on the right of reaction arrow
Reactants The starting substance of a chemical reaction, on the the left of the reaction arrow
Difference between Reactants and Products? Reactants are the starting substance while Products are the new substances
What does the arrow in a chemical reaction mean? Tells you a change has taken place, and one things has turned into another
Mixture A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances but are not bonded together.
What is the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture? Heterogeneous is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. Homogenous is a mixture that is the same throughout.
What is a solution? A homogeneous solution
Alloy A mixture of elements that have metallic properties.
Pure substance A substance with constant composition
Element A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means, it consists of atoms all having the same atomic number.
Compounds A substance made of two or more different elements joined together in a specific way.
What is the difference between a compound and a element? A element must be all the same atoms while compounds have two or more different types of atoms
Filtration Is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium. EX- Separating sand from water using a mesh.
Distillation The action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling. EX-Separating water from minerals by boiling,which changes the water to vapor and leaves the minerals behind as solids.
What is the atomic number and mass number for Carbon? Atomic=6 Mass=12
What does the atomic and mass number tell you? The atomic number tells you the number of protons/electrons it has. The mass number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
How many protons does Oxygen have? 8
How many electrons does iron have? 26
How many neutrons does magnesium have? 12
Characteristics of Metal Lustrous (shiny),malleable,and ductile
Characteristics of Non-metals Gas,liquid, and solid
Characteristics of Metalloids Solids,ductile, and malleable
Characteristics of Noble gases odorless,colorless,and non-flammable
The vertical rows in the periodic table are called.... groups
the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called... periods
Which group number represents elements that tend to gain 2 electrons when they react? 6A
Which group number represents elements that tend to lose 3 electrons when they react? 3A
Created by: JuliR
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