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CHEM-245 Final
Question | Answer |
---|---|
sp3 hybridization has a steric # of... | 4 |
sp2 hybridization has a steric # of... | 3 |
sp hybridization has a steric # of... | 2 |
sp3 hybridization has angles of... | 109.5 degrees |
sp2 hybridization has angles of... | 120 degrees |
sp hybridization has angles of... | 180 degrees |
What is a steric #? | How many groups (sigma bonds or lone pairs) around an atom |
A single bond has how many sigma and pi bonds, respectively? | 1,0 |
A double bond has how many sigma and pi bonds, respectively? | 1,1 |
A triple bond has how many sigma and pi bonds, respectively? | 1,2 |
Resonance occurs for what type of electrons? | Electrons existing in an overlapping p-orbital |
Localized electrons are... | Electrons not existing in resonance |
Delocalized electrons are... | Electrons that are existing in resonance |
What are enantiomers? | nonsuperimposable mirrir images |
What are diastereomers? | nonsuperimposable and not mirror images |
What are the two steps in an SN2 rxn? | 1.) Loss of leaving group (LG) 2.) Nucleophilic attack (NA) |
What type of carbon is most reactive in SN2 rxn? | Methyl/primary |
A SN2 rxn inverts stereochemistry of a compound: | True |
What are the three steps in an SN1 rxn? | 1.) Loss of LG 2.) NA 3.) Proton transfer (PT) |
What type of carbon is most reactive in SN1 rxn? | Tertiary |
What is the Zaitsev rule? | More substituted alkene is the major product for elimination rxns |
Primary alcohols undergo what mechanism? | SN2 |
Secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo what mechanism? | SN1 |
What is an ether? | Oxygen atoms flanked by two R groups |
What happens when alcohols are heated up in the presence or sulfuric acid? | Alcohols eliminate water to form alkenes |
Markovnikov's rule states what? | H-atom adds to the less substituted carbon to give more stable carbocation |