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chem chap 6

TermDefinition
chemical bond the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
ionic bonding a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion
covalent bonding a bond formed when when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
nonpolar-covalent bond a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms
polar describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated
polar covalent bond a covalent bond in which a pair of electrons shared by two atoms is held more closely by one atom
molecule a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substances chemical properties
molecular compound a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules
chemical formula a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
molecular formula a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms
bond energy the energy required to break the bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound
electron - dot notation an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of the particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the elements symbol
lewis structure a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds
structural formula a formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule and that indicates the number and location of the chemical bonds
single bond a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons
multiple bond a bond in which the atoms share more than one pair of electrons, such as double bond or triple bond
resonance the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single lewis structure
ionic compound a compound composed of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction
formula unit the collection of atoms corresponding to an ionic compounds formula such that the molar mass of the compound is the same as the mass of 1 mol of formula units
lattice energy the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances
polyatomic ion an ion made of two or more atoms
metallic bonding a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
malleability the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet
ductility the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire
VSEPR theory a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other
hybridization the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of the same atom to produce new orbitals; hybridization represents the mixing of higher and lower energy orbitals to form orbitals of intermediate energy
hybrid orbitals orbitals that have the properties to explain the geometry of chemical bonds between atoms
dipole a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions
hydrogen bonding the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule
London dispersion force the intermolecular attraction resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons and the creation of temporarily dipoles
Created by: 03m
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