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Physio Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | Positive |
| Negative-feedback mechanisms: | minimize changes in blood glucose levels. maintain homeostasis. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Transmitter |
| Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: | the body trying to maintain homeostasis and negative feedback mechanism |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change |
| Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease? Environment, Stress, Lifestyle or All of the above | All of the above |
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence, distribution and transmission |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | tapeworms |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bond |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phsphate |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | phosopholipid |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | both have a ring structure in their molecule |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| DNA: | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | secondary |
| The amino group in an amino acid is: NH3+. COO–. symbolized by the letter R. SO2. | NH3+ |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| All of the following substances are organic except: | electrolytes |
| All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: | chromosome number remains at 46. |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| Which is not a function of connective tissue? | Communication |
| Areolar tissue usually contains which types of cells in the greatest number? | Fibroblast |
| Hematopoiesis is carried out in the: | Red bone marrow |
| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus |
| The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called: | osteoclasts |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones. |
| Young children’s bones have a greater risk of fracturing because of incompletely ossified bone. | False |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent Period |
| The lactate produced by anaerobic respiration is converted back to glucose in the: | liver |
| Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? | single-unit smooth |
| All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except: | 1:the muscle does not shorten. 2:it can produce work by tightening to resist a force. 3:movement is produced. 4:the tension produced by the myosin cross-bridges cannot overcome the load placed on the muscle. A=3 |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins |
| Acetylcholine is in the same class of neurotransmitters as: | none of them: serotonin, histamine or dopamine |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| Which of the following is not true? The spinal cord does not completely fill the spinal cavity. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the s | One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| The type of cells that secrete ACTH are: | Corticotrophs |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles |
| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | Permissiveness |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA |
| following are true statements except:there are at least 16 different prostaglandins-first prostaglandin was identified in semen-aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis-PGF have been used to induce labor and accelerate the delivery | aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis. |
| Which is not true of the hormone somatostatin? | It stimulates the secretion of insulin. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? | Chemical messenger travels a short distance |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| All of the following are true statements except: | both atria receive their blood supply from branches of the right and left coronary arteries. |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | inotropic factors. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies. | clonal selection theory |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | germinal center. |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells |
| refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site. |
| Which of the following constitutes total lung volume? | Residual volume and vital capacity |
| By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood’s hemoglobin has united with oxygen? | 97% |
| A type of breathing characterized by gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths followed by several breaths with gradually decreasing tidal volume is: | Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
| The PCO2 in alveolar air is _____ blood. | less than in the systemic venous. equal to the systemic arterial |
| Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would be most likely to cause: | decreased vital capacity. |
| About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to: | hemoglobin |
| Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood? | combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction. |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | passively out of |
| Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from: | carbohydrates |
| Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to: | neutralize hydrochloric acid. |
| The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration. | hydrogen |
| A decrease in blood pH below normal tends to: | stimulate increased respirations |
| When the effective filtration pressure equals zero: | no net transfer of water occurs between blood and interstitial fluid. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the _____ fluid. | extracellular |
| Water normally leaves the body through _____ exits. | four |
| Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? | pH 2 |
| Which body location is not one that is usually impacted by edema? | Kidneys |
| Which of the following pairs are almost identical when compared chemically? | Plasma and interstitial fluid |
| Which of the following is not one of the seven basic solutions used for parenteral therapy? | Liquid protein |
| The gland that secretes an alkaline substance that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid is the: | prostate gland |
| Which of the following is not a function of the ovary? | produces FSH |
| Which of the following functions is not usually associated with the uterus? | fertilization |
| What is the name of the so-called ovulating hormone? | luteinizing hormone |
| twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | hemostasis |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: monosaccharides. disaccharides. amino acids. fatty acids and glycerol. | fatty acids and glycerol |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? Proteins Salts Lipids Nucleic acids | salts |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | primary |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? Glycerol Steroids Prostaglandins Fatty acids | Prostaglandins |
| Unsaturated fats: contain all the hydrogen atoms they can hold. contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. are usually solids at room temperature. will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | metaphase |
| The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: | filtration |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? | collegen |
| Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band |
| For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, which of the following channels must open? Sodium and potassium channels Potassium and/or chloride channels Sodium and chloride channels Only the sodium channels | Potassium and/or chloride channels |
Created by:
trinitydawn22
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