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Stack #37061
A&P2-Class Notes P43 Immune Sys #12/Test3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a B cell bonds with an antigen it: | undergoes CLONAL SELECTION |
| COLONAL SELECTION is: | rapid proliferation of the B cell |
| Each new B-cell bears the: | same antigen on its surface |
| Proliferation of B-cell results in: | a population of CLONES, most of which will become plasma cells |
| Some of the new clones will: | become MEMORY CELLS |
| PLASMA CELLS are cells that: | produce and secrete antibodies at the rate of 2,000 per second. |
| Life of Plasma cells: | 4-5 days |
| MEMORY CELLS are: | clone cells that do not actively produce antibodies |
| Memory cells circulate as: | long-lived carriers of the antibody recipe for that particular antigen |
| Memory Cells provide an: | immediate response when it meets the same antigen again |
| ANTIBODIES AKA: 3 | IMMUNOGLOBINS, Ig's, GAMMA GLOBULINS |
| Antibodies are molecules that constitute: | the gamma globulin portion or our plasma proteins |
| Antibodies each consist of: | four looping polypeptide chains that are linked by disulfide bonds |
| Antibodies have four chains: | two are HEAVY and two are LIGHT |
| HEAVY CHAINS have: | 400 amino acids each |
| LIGHT CHAINS have: | 200 amino acids each |
| The two heavy chains are: | identical to each other as are the two light chains |
| Each of the 4 chains have: | CONSTANT and VARIABLE regions |
| Within a class of antibodies, the constant regions are: | identical |
| Within a class of antibodies, the variable regions are: | different |
| Different classes of antibodies have: | different constant regions known as (C-regions) |
| Variable regions (V-regions) are called: | the ANTIGEN BINDING SITES |
| CLASSES OFANTIBODIES: 5 | IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE (MADGE) |
| PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE: | There is a rapid proliferation & differentiation of B-cells following a first-time exposure |
| SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE: | occurs upon re-exposure to an antigen. |
| An immediate activation of memory cells is: | SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE |
| Autoimmune diseases-the body turns against: | itself, fails to recognize own cells as self & attacks them. Causes inflammation & destruction |
| Autoimmune Diseases include: 8 | Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Grave's disease, Juvenile diabetes mellitus (Type I), Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE), Glomeronephritis, Hishimoto's Thyroditis, Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Multiple sclerosis-the: | Myelin-sheaths in the CNS are gradually destroyed & replaced w/non-functional hardened sheaths called SCLEROSES |
| Myasthenia gravis-affects: | primarily skeletal muscles. Inhibits transmission of nerve impulses vic ACh. |
| Grave's disease: | causes production of excessive amounts of thyroxine |
| Juvenile diabetes mellitus: | (known as Type I) Systematic autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE): | Primarily females affected. Diagnosis via ANA (antinuclear antibody test) |
| BUTTERFLY RASH (across face) is: | common symptom of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis |
| Glomeronephritis | severe impairment of renal function |
| Hashimoto's Thytoiditis-Thyroglobin is released into bloodstream: | due to trauma to thyroid gland causing rupture of thyroid follicles. Released material regarded as a foreign object in blood stream and provokes immune response. |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Systematically destroys joints (cells that make up membrane lining) |
| IgD -Class of Antibodies: Monomer | antigen receptor site of a B-cell; important in B-cell activation; attached to surface of B-cells and function as receptor to activate b-cell |
| IgM class of antibodies: Pentamer | Monomers formed are receptors of B-cell surfaces. Released into blood by plasma cells. The are the first Ig class released during primary immune response. Fix and activate complement |
| IgG class of antibodies: Monomer | Most abundant antibody (75-85%) in plasma; Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune responses; Protects against bacteria. Confers passive immunity to fetus by crossing placenta (only Ig to do so) |
| IgA class of antibodies: Dimer | Found in body secretions such as mucus, swat and siliva; Helps prevent attachment to pathogens to epithelial cells. |
| IgE class of antibodies: Monomer | Secteted by plasma cells in skin, mucosa, GI tract and respiratory tract. Binds to mast & basophil cells to stimulate release of allergic & imflammatory chemicals such as histamine. Are therefore involved in allergic responses. |
Created by:
Jean and Study Pals