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The nervs. system
Science lesson 5 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the nervous system | a collection of organs that work together to gather and interpret information about the body’s internal and external environment, and respond to that information. |
| What is the peripheral system | Includes communication paths (nerves) that connect the entire body to the brain and spinal cord. |
| What is a Neuron | Type of cell that transfers electrical messages throughout the body. |
| What is a Dendrite | receives messages, short branched extensions, many |
| What a Axon | sends messages, long, one |
| What is a Impulse | electrical message that travels through the neuron |
| What is a Synapse | space between one neuron and another |
| What is a neurotransmitter | chemical that carries the impulse |
| What is a Sensory Neuron | a special neuron that picks up a stimulus from the internal or external environment, and converts it into a message. |
| What is a Interneuron | carries a message from one neuron to another. |
| What is a Special Neuron | special neuron that sends messages to a muscle or a gland. (motor=muscle). Ex. Eyes- squinting |
| What are Sweat glands | release sweat to cool down body. |
| What is the Central Nervous system | Includes brain and spinal cord. Processes all incoming and outgoing messages. |
| What does the brain contain | Nervous System’s largest organ (3 parts). Cerebrum,Cerebellum,and Brain stem. |
| What is the Cerebrum | The cerebrum(biggest part) interprets input from your senses, controls movement, and carries out mental processes such as learning and remembering things. |
| What is the Cerebellum | The cerebellum (second biggest) coordinates muscle actions and helps keep you balanced. |
| What is the Brain stem | connects the brain to the spinal cord, involved in breathing and heartbeat. |
| What is the spinal cord | sends information to and from the brain. Its as big as your thumb and is surrounded by protective bones called vertebrae |
| Spinal cord injuries | information from below the injury may not reach the brain |
| What is a reflex | Involuntary action that protects you. Shortcut from the spinal cord to your muscles. By the time your brain gets the signal you are already out of danger. |
| What is the Endocrine System | A collection of glands that work together to control body fluid, balance, and growth. |
| What does the Endocrine system control | controls body functions with the use of chemicals that are released from endocrine glands. |
| What is a gland | a group of cells that make special chemicals for your body. |
| What are hormones | The chemicals that are produced by the endocrine glands. They are released into the bloodstream and carried to other places in the body. |
| Feedback controls | Turn endocrine glands on and off. Work like a thermostat on a air conditioner |
| What does the pituitary gland do | Stimulates skeletal growth. Helps thyroid function properly. Regulates the amount of water in the blood. |
| What does the thyroid gland do | Increases the rate at which you use energy. Secretes thyroxine. |
| What does the parathyroid gland do | (Its behind the thyroid) Regulates calcium levels in the blood. |
| What does the thymus gland do | Regulates the immune system which helps your body fight disease. |
| What does the adrenal glands do | Prepare your organs to deal with stress. Produce epinephrine also known as adrenaline. Speeds up heart rate to prepare body to run or fight. Fight or flight response. |
| What does the pancreas do | Regulates blood sugar levels. Secretes Insulin. |
| What do the ovaries do | Produce hormones involved in female reproduction. Estrogen is a female hormone. |
| What do the Testes do | Produce hormones involved in male reproduction. Testosterone is a male hormone. |
| What are the disorders of endocrine system (1) | Diabetes Mellitus- Pancreas cannot make enough insulin to bring blood sugar levels down to normal. Daily injections of insulin may be needed. |
| What are the disorders of the endocrine system (2) | Growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland may not be enough causing stunted growth of a child. Can be corrected if caught early enough. If too much growth hormone is made the person may become taller than expected (gigantism). |
| What are the disorders of the endocrine system (3) | Goiter- When there is not enough iodine in the diet the thyroid is not able to produce thyroxine. This causes the thyroid to swell up and form a mass. Causes fatigue and weight gain. |
Created by:
28kellya
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