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Pharmacology NUR 104

Fluids and Electrolytes CH. 29

QuestionAnswer
What is transcellular fluid? Fluid contained in specialized body compartments such as cerebral spinal, pleural, and synovial cavities.
What is a solute? A fluid that is dissolved in another substance.
What is serum? The clear, cell free portion of the blood from which fibrinogen has been separated during the clotting process, as typically carried out with a laboratory sample.
What is fibrinogen? A plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions.
What is plasma? The watery straw -colored fluid component of lymph and blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended.
What is osmotic pressure? The pressure produced by a solution necessary to prevent the osmotic passage of solvent into it when the solution and solvent are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
What is isotonic? Having the same concentration of solutes as another solution and exerting the same osmotic pressure as that solution, such as an isotonic saline solution that contains an amount of salt equal to that found in the intracellular and extracellular fluid
What is intravascular (IVF) fluid? The fluid inside blood vessels
What is intracellular (ICF) fluid? The fluid located within cell membranes throughout most of the body. It contains dissolved solutes that are essential to maintaining electrolyte balance and healthy metabolism.
What is interstitial (ISF) fluid? The extracellular fluid that fills in the spaces between most of the cells in the body.
What is hyponatremia? A condition in which there is an inadequate amount of sodium in the bloodstream, caused by inadequate excretion of water or by excessive water intake.
What is hypokalemia? A condition in which there is inadequate amount of potassium in the bloodstream; possible causes include diarrhea, diuretic use, and others.
What is hypernatremia? An abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood; may be due to defective renal excretion but is more commonly caused by excessive dietary sodium or replacement therapy or the loss of water.
What is hyperkalemia? An abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often the result of defective renal excretion. Also by excessive dietary potassium or certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and
What is homeostasis? The tendency of a cell or organism to maintain equilibrium by regulating its internal environment and adjusting its physiological processes.
What is gradient? A difference in the concentration of a substance on two sides of a permeable barrier.
What is extracellular fluid (ECF)? That portion of the body fluid comprising the interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid.
What is edema? The abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces.
What is dehydration? Excessive loss of water from the body tissues. It is accompanied by an imbalance in the concentrations of electrolytes, particularly sodium, potassium, and chloride.
What are crystalloids? Substances in a solution that diffuse through a semipermeable membrane.
What is colloid oncotic pressure? Another name for oncotic pressure. It is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein in blood plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
What are colloids? Protein substances that increase the colloid oncotic pressure.
What is blood? The fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nutriment and oxygen to body cells, consisting of plasma (liquid component), plus 3 major solid components: erythrocytes (RBC's), leukocytes (WBC's), and platelets.
Created by: mvandermus
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