Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
fluid & electrolytes
pathophysiology NUR 304
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the range for sodium? | 135-145 mEq/L |
| What is the range for potassium? | 3.5-5.2 mEq/L |
| What is the range for calcium? | 8.7-10 mg/dL |
| What is the range for phosphorus? | 2.5-4.5 mg/dL |
| What is the range for magnesium? | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
| What is the range for chloride? | 97-107 mEq/L |
| Define isotonic | Has the same tonicity as blood and does not cause fluid to shift |
| Define hypotonic | Has fewer particles (more water) than blood and the fluid shifts from ECF to ICF with IV infusions |
| Defer hypertonic | Has more particles (less water) than blood and the fluid shifts from ICF to ECF due to Iv infusions |
| What are some examples of isotonic solutions? | normal saline and lactated ringers (LR) |
| What are some examples of hypotonic solutions? | 1/2 normal saline, 0.45% NaCl |
| What are some examples of hypertonic solutions? | mannitol infusion used in cerebral edema |
| Define osmolality | the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram of solution. |
| Define Osmolarity | number of osmoles per liter of solution |
| What is hydrostatic pressure? | the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel |
| What is osmotic pressure? | the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis |
| What is the movement of fluid that results from an interruption between 2 opposing forces? | hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure |
| What does increased blood volume equal to? | increased hydrostatic pressure |
| What does lower albumin equal to? | reduced osmotic pressure |
| What is the RAAS system? | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) |
| What signals the RAAS? | hypotension, hypovolemia, and low cardiac output due to low circulation |
| What is the purpose of RAAS? | To increase blood pressure |
| what is the first step in RAAS? | Renin is released from the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 |
| what is the second step in RAAS? | Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2 in the lungs with the ACE converting enzyme |
| what is the third step in RAAS? | Angiotensin 2 (vasoconstrictor) binds to the receptors in the adrenal cortex and activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone |
| what is the fourth and final step in RAAS? | Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion by kidneys |
| what is the opposite of RAAS? | natriuresis |
| What is natriuresis? | excretion of a large amount of both sodium and water by the kidneys in response to excess ECF volume |
| What three peptides promote natriuresis? | Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP):atrial cells, B type natriuretic peptide (BNP):Ventricles and brain, c type natriuretic peptide (CNP):endothelial cells and ventricular cells |
| What are sequestered Fluids? | fluid accumulates in body cavities normally free of fluids |
| What is Hypervolemia? | fluid volume overload; blood has excessive amount of water |
| What is hypovolemia? | decreased blood volume; diminished amount of water in the blood |
| What are the three types of fluids? | Intracellular, extracellular, and interstitial |
| Define intracellular fluid | fluid that is inside of cells |
| Define extracellular fluid | fluid that is outside of cells |
| Define interstitial fluid | fluid that is in between the cells and compartments "cushioning fluid" |
| What is starling's law of capillary forces? | the movement of fluid that occurs at the capillary beds |
| What are osmoreceptors? | located in the hypothalamus and they are stimulated by increased plasma concentration |
| What is ADH? | antidiuretic hormone aka vasopressin that is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland |
| What is edema | swelling; excess of fluid in the ISF and ICF compartments |
| What causes edema? | elevated hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic forces in blood, inflammation, and sodium retention due to illness or consumption of salty foods |
| What is the major ion in the ECF? | sodium |
| What is the major ion in the ICF? | potassium |
Created by:
keiondraharden
Popular Nursing sets