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PS Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inner Planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (Small size less than 8000-mile diameter, higher density, rocks and metal, greater than 3.9 g/mL, slower rotation |
| Outer Planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Large size greater than 30,000-mile diameter, low density less than 1.8 g/mL, faster rotation |
| Why do planets keep orbiting and spinning on their axes? | very little friction so any slowing down of the motion takes billions of years and is hardly noticeable. |
| Comet | Dust and ice, evaporated material forms tail when near the sun |
| Meteoroids | smaller rocks or particles, orbit intersects the earth, small ones burn up in atmosphere, large ones make craters and destroyed by erosion |
| Asteroid | large rocky body in space orbiting the sun |
| Meteor | shooting star |
| Meteorite | Fallen meteoroid |
| Eclipse | Occurs when the earth is in the moon's shadow, only happens with a new moon, eclipses infrequent because moon's orbit is tilted |
| What is the source of energy in stars? | Nuclear reaction (hydrogen fusion) in the core generates the energy |
| Red Giants | Large, low density, "cool" star, made of hot gas |
| Main Sequence | similar to sun =, made of hot gas, vary in size density, and temperature (d=1.4 g/mL |
| White Dwarfs | earth-sized, high density, hot stars made of collapsed atoms (d=1X10^6 g/mL |
| Neutron Stars | city-sized, super dense stars, made of neutrons (d=1X10^14 g/mL |
| Black Holes | so dense no light can escape |
| Red Shifting | Shifting to longer wavelength, if a star or galaxy is moving away from Earth |
| Blue Shifting | Shifting to a shorter wavelength, if a star or galaxy is moving toward the Earth |
| (What is the source of energy inside the Earth | Geothermal Energy |
| What is the atmosphere? | a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth |
| What does the atmosphere do? | protects life on earth, absorbs ultraviolet radiation, greenhouse effect, and monitors temperatures |
| What is the general pattern in prevailing winds in the US? | West to east movement, moving to the right |
| High Pressure Region | Air is descending, which warms the air and produces sunny weather |
| Low Pressure Region | Air is rising, which cools the air and often produces rain |
| Cold Front | Colder air displaces warmer air. Cold air burrows under warm air and raises it, producing short intense rain |
| Warm Front | Warmer air displaces colder air. Warmer air slides up over cold air, producing extensive gentle rain |
| Global Climate Change | Increases in CO2 in the atmosphere are predicted to increase the average global temperature. Results are more precipitation and extreme weather events |
| Ozone Layer | a region of Earth 's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun 's ultraviolet radiation |
| Erosion | breaks down rocks (weathering) and carries debris away (transportation) |
| Vulcanism | Processes that raise the surface of the earth |
| Tectonic Movement | horizontal pressure can force crustal layers up |
| Four Layers of the Earth | Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core |
| lithosphere | Crust and upper mantle (rigid rock) |
| Asthenosphere | lower layer in the mantle (plastic and mobile) |
| How do the lithosphere and the asthenosphere interact | motion of material in the mantle (asthenosphere) produces cracks in the crust (lithosphere), cracks divide crust into tectonic plates |
| Divergent Boundaries | where the plate separate, magma comes up from the mantle Ex. ocean floor, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, continental block, African Rift Valley |
| Convergent Boundaries | Plates come together; material is going down into the mantle, subduction Ex. Andes (oceanic-continental), West Indies (oceanic-oceanic) Ganges Valley+Himalayas(continental-continental) |
Created by:
lwomer
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