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Chapter 9
Muslim Innovations and Adaptations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did Islamic culture flourish, despite the fact that the Muslim empire did not last? | Islamic flourished because they built built cities where scholars and artists would meet. When meeting they would discuss adaptations and innovations. |
| What is cultural diffusion? | Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural elements from one society to another. |
| How did the location of Islamic lands make cultural diffusion possible? | Cultural diffusion was possible due to the location of the Islamic lands because the lands were near each other and near water. |
| How did trade help to spread and connect ideas from different cultures? List at least two ideas that may have traveled along the trade routes on the map. | People traded their aspects of culture as well as goods. Two ideas that may have traveled along the trade routes were how to make paper, Chinese; and the concept of zero; India. |
| List three important details about the city of Baghdad. | 1) In the center of Baghdad there is the grand mosque and the caliph's palace. 2) Baghdad is one of the largest cities in the world. 3) It took four years to build the new capital of Baghdad. |
| Describe how mosques are designed. | Mosques are designed to express the great diversity of Muslim lands. |
| What factors combined to promote learning in Muslim lands? | The people used their building skills and the acceptance of the Arabic language to build schools, colleges, libraries, and etc. |
| How did Muslim philosophers follow the example of Greek scholars? | The Muslim philosophers used reason and logic to try and improve important truths to follow the example of Greek scholars. |
| Describe two contributions made by Muslim scholars in these two categories. | Zoology: -Made medicine from animal parts -Theories for evolution Astronomy: -Navigational tools/locate the direction of Mecca |
| What technological advancements did Muslims make to take advantage of scarce water resources? | The Muslims built dams and aqueducts for water and restored old irrigation systems. |
| List two accomplishments of Muslims in this category. | 1) The Book of Roads and Provinces 2) The Book of Countries |
| Describe the purpose of the two navigational instruments adapted and perfected by Muslims. | The two navigational instruments that were adapted and perfected by Muslims were the compass and the astrolabe. The compass identifies directions while the astrolabe computes the time and location of the sun and stars. |
| What are two reasons why al-Khwarizmi's books were important to the field of mathematics? | Two reasons why al-Khwarizmi's books were important to the field of mathematics because it taught how to find unknown numbers, and it helped to popularize Arabic numerals in Europe. |
| Why is the Indian concept of zero, which Muslims helped spread, significant? | The Indian concept of zero is significant because zero allowed people to distinguish numbers apart from each other like 123 and 1230. |
| In the chart, list one example of Muslim contributions in each area of medicine: | Hospitals, Medication, Surgery, and Disease |
| Facts about Hospital | Muslims built the world's first hospital. |
| Facts aboutMedication | The Muslims made painkillers, antiseptics, ointments, and remedies made from plants, herbs, animals, and minerals. |
| Facts about Surgery | Muslim doctors used stitches made from animal guts to sew up wounds and putting patients asleep before surgical operations with opium or hemlock. |
| Facts about Diseases | Dr. al-Razi found that the disease was caused by bacteria. |
| What role did Ibn Sina's book, The Canon of Medicine, play in the medieval? | Ibn Sina's book played a major role in the medieval world because it was used in medical schools to teach their students. |
| List two ways Muslims adapted and expanded bookmaking. | The illuminated bindings and pages with designs in gold as well as mini paintings, and in Baghdad, more than one hundred bookshops lined Paper Sellers' Street. |
| List one example of famous Muslim literature. Where did these stories originate, and where did they spread? | "Arabain Nights", a famous Muslim literature piece, originated in India and Persia, but spread across Europe. |
| What types of designs did Muslims use in their decorative art? | Muslims used geometric shapes, floral, and arabesque designs in their decorative art. |
| List two ways textiles were important to medieval times. | Muslims used textiles to make valuable cloths and fabrics, and textiles that were fine served as awnings and carpets in the royal palace. |
| What was unique about the music that developed in Cordoba, Spain? | The music created in Cordoba was unique because it was home to the world's first music school and it was highly influenced by parts of Arab and native Spanish cultures. |
| For each of the favorite pastimes below, write one sentence explaining what the pastime involves and another sentence explaining why it became popular with medieval Muslims. | Polo and Chess |
| What is polo? | -Polo involved two teams on horseback with mallets to strike a ball through a goal. -The Muslims enjoyed polo because they thought of horses as status symbols. |
| What is chess? | -Chess involves players moving pieces that represent an army across a board. -The Muslims loved chess because they loved its intellectual challenge. |
| Know what cultural diffusion means. | Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural elements from one society to another. |
| Know how Muslims contributed to European knowledge of Aristotle and Plato. | The Muslims preserved and translated ancient Greek texts which contributed to the European knowledge of Aristotle and Plato. |
| Why was Baghdad important? | Baghdad was important because it was the capital city of the Muslim rulers (Abbasid Caliphate). |
| What was the language of scholarship and science? | The language of scholarship and science was the Arabic language through the Islamic lands. |
| Why was the astrolabe important? | The astrolabe was important because it was used for computing time based on the location of the sun or stars and could help sailors at sea could use the position of celestial objects to pinpoint their location by knowing how far they had traveled. |
| Why were the water wheels important? | Water wheels were important because Muslims used them to bring water up from the canals and reservoirs. |
| Why was the number zero important? | The number zero was important because it would be difficult to express with an answer without the number. It also makes it easier to write large numbers. For example, it allows one to distinguish between 123 and 1,230. |
| Why was chess important? | Chess was important because it was an intellectual challenge the could be played by all members of society. |
| Why was polo important? | Polo was important because it was learned from the Persians which is an example of cultural diffusion and polo became popular among the wealthier social class therefore it was considered a status symbol to show you were rich. |
| Describe the art and architecture. | The art and architecture was designed and made using arabesques, floral designs, geometric shapes, and calligraphy. |
Created by:
makmil0917
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