Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Chemistry Ch. 5

QuestionAnswer
What couldn't Rutherford's Atomic Model explain? The chemical properties of elements.
Explaining what leads to the chemical properties of elements required a model that better described the... Behavior of electrons in atoms.
Who was Niels Bohr? A young Danish physicist who developed his own atomic model.
How did Niels Bohr's model differ from Rutherford's? He changed Rutherford's model to incorporate newer discoveries about how the energy of an atom changes when the atom absorbs or emits light.
What did Bohr propose in his model of the atom? Bohr proposed that an electron is found only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus.
Define energy levels. The fixed energies an electron can have.
Electrons cannot _____ _______ energy levels. Exist between.
To move from one energy level to another, an electron must... Gain or lose just the right amount of energy.
Define a quantum. A measurement of the amount of energy required to move an electron form one energy level to another energy level.
The higher energy levels are... Closer together.
It takes less energy to... Move up an energy level towards the top.
Define the Quantum Mechanical Model. The modern description of the electrons in atoms.
What does the quantum mechanical model determine about the electrons in an atom? The quantum mechanical model determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus of an atom.
Define an atomic orbital. A mathematical expression that describes the probability of finding an electron at various locations around the nucleus.
The energy levels of electrons in the quantum mechanical model are labeled by... Principal quantum numbers (n).
How do sublevels of principal energy levels differ? Each energy sublevel corresponds to one or more orbitals of different shapes. The orbitals describe where an electron is likely to be found.
What shape are s orbitals? Spherical.
What shape are p orbitals? Dumbbell-shaped.
What shape are d orbitals? Cloverleaf shapes.
What are the number of sublevels in the following principal energy levels? 1.) n=1. 2.) n=2. 3.) n=3. 4.) n=4. 1.) 1. 2.) 2. 3.) 3. 4.) 4.
Define electron configurations. The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms.
What are the three rules for writing the electron configurations of elements? The Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule.
What is the Aufbau Principle? States that the electrons occupy the orbitals lowest energy level first.
What is the Paul Exclusion Principle? States that an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons.
Define spin. A quantum mechanical property of electrons and may be thought of as a clockwise or counterclockwise.
What is Hund's Rule? Every orbital must get an electron before one is completely filled.
Define amplitude. The wave's height from zero to the crest.
Define wavelength. The distance between the crests. -Represented by lambda (kinda looks like a backwards h).
Define frequency. The number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time. The units of frequency are usually cycles per second. -Represented by nu (almost identical to v).
The SI unit of cycles per second is called the... Hertz. -A hertz can also be expressed as a reciprocal second (s^-1).
The product of frequency and wavelength equals... A constant (c), the speed of light.
What is the equation for the speed of light? C= Frequency x Wavelength.
The wavelength and frequency of light are... Inversely proportional to each other.
As wavelength of light increases, the frequency... Decreases.
What does electromagnetic radiation consist of? -Radio Waves. -Microwaves. -Infrared Waves. -Visible Light. -Ultraviolet Waves. -X-Rays. -Gamma Rays.
All electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum speed of... 2.998 x 10^8 m/s.
Define spectrum. When sunlight passes through a prism, the different wavelengths separate into a spectrum of colors.
What causes atomic emission spectra? When atoms absorb energy, their electrons move to higher energy levels. These electrons lose energy by emitting light when they return to lower energy levels.
The energy absorbed from an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to... The energy of light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level.
All wavelengths of visible light are _______ ________. Blurred Together.
The wavelengths of spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and they make up the _________ _________ _________ of the element. Atomic Emission Spectrum.
Each spectral line in an atomic emission spectrum of an element corresponds with... Exactly one wavelength of light emitted by the electrons of that element.
True or false: No two elements have the same atomic emission spectrum. True.
Who was Max Planck? A German physicist who found that he could explain the color changes if he assumed that the energy of a body changes only in discrete units, or quanta.
What did Planck show? Planck showed mathematically that the amount of radiant energy (E) of a single quantum absorbed or emitted by a body is proportional to the frequency of radiation (v).
What is the equation for radiant energy? E= C x V. C equals Constant and has a value of 6.626 x 20^-34 Joules time seconds. V equals Frequency of Radiation.
What happens during the photoelectric effect? Electrons are ejected when light shines on a metal.
What did Einstein propose to explain the photoelectric effect? Einstein proposed that light could be described as quanta of energy that behave as if they were particles.
What are photons? Light quanta.
If no electrons are ejected, what does this tell us? The frequency of the light is below the threshold frequency.
If the light is at or above the threshold frequency, then what happens? Electrons are ejected.
If the frequency is increased, what will happen when the electrons are ejected? The ejected electrons will travel faster.
What was Democritus's atomic theory and atomic model? None. But, he did coin the term "atomos", which means indivisible or atoms.
What was Dalton's atomic theory and atomic model? Kinetic Theory and the sphere.
What does the Kinetic Theory state? 1.) Everything is made of atoms. Can't be destroyed, 2.) All atoms of an element are identical. 3.) The atoms of a different element vary in size and mass. 4.) Compounds are made with different whole # combos. 5.) Chemical react= rearranged atoms.
What was Thomson's atomic theory and atomic model? Used the cathode ray to find the first subatomic particle. It had a negative charge and was called the electron. Plum pudding model.
What was Millikan's atomic theory and atomic model? Electrons have a mass of 9.109 x 10^(-31) kg. Also used the plum pudding model.
What was Rutherford's atomic theory and atomic model? Atoms are mostly empty space, dense nucleus, found the 2nd subatomic particle, the proton, which had a mass of 1.67 x 10^(-27). His model was the plum pudding with positive, dense center.
What was Chadwick's atomic theory and atomic model? A neutron had a mass of 1.65 x 10^(-27) kg. His model was the plum pudding with positive, dense center.
What was Bohr's atomic theory and atomic model? Quanticized. Energy levels 2n^2. Energy level on the periodic table. His model was the "solar system".
What was DeBroglie's atomic theory and atomic model? Quantum theory where the electrons exhibit wave behavior. "Flower" model.
What was Heisenberg's atomic theory and atomic model? Cannot know both the location and velocity of an electron at the same time. "Flower" model.
What was Schrodinger's atomic theory and atomic model? Packets of energy and particles with mass. "Flower" model.
Define atomic orbital. Probaic region to find an electron.
What is the principle quantum? What's the symbol? Coinsides with the periods on the periodic table. Determins size of atomic orbital. (2n^2). Fill the lowest energy level first, then take a jump from ground state, electrons need energy to move up, and you remove energy to go down. -n.
What is ground state? The lowest energy level.
What is the angular momentum? What's the symbol? Subshells, letter designations, and shapes. -L.
What are the shapes for the s, p, d, and f orbitals? -S-Orbital: Sphere. -P-Orbital: Eight or infinity sign. -D-Orbital: Eight with backup. -F-Orbital: Flower in cube.
What is the magnetic quantum What's the symbol? Holds two electrons. Orientation in space. -ML.
The magnetic quantum has 3 categories. What are they? -X-Axis : Horizontal. -Y-Axis: Vertical. -Z-Axis: Toward or Away.
What is the Spin Magnetic Quantum? What is the symbol? Specifies the electrons in orbitals. Has a special set of rules. -Ms.
What is Aufbau's Principle? You must fill the lowest energy level first.
What is Pauli Exclusion Principle? No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers, or, an orbital can hold at most 2 electrons.
What is Hund's Rule? Electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy one-at-a-time with the same spin until each orbital has at least one electron. -Can't give my best friend 2 cookies until everyone has had one.
Define Quantum. The amount of energy need for an electron to move up or down an energy level.
What are the three electron notations? 1.) Orbital Notation. 2.) Electron Configuration Notation. 3.) Noble Gas Notation.
What is Orbital Notation? Uses half arrows to represent electrons in subshells and lines to represent the orbital.
What is Electron Configuration Notation? Uses coefficients for energy levels, the letter designations, orbital, and superscript for the number of electrons present.
What is Noble Gas Notation? Uses the noble gas element preceding the current element. Write that noble gas in brackets and finish the electron configuration post noble gas.
What is the Octet Rule? Want 8 electrons in valence energy shell.
What is the speed of light? 2.99 x 10^8 m/s.
What is the equation for speed of light? C=Wavelength (m) x Frequency (Hz).
__________ _________ _________ grew out of the study of light. Quantum Mechanical Model.
What is a wave? A wave cycle starts at zero on the y-axis, moves up to its highest point.
What is amplitude? The highest or lowest point.
What is frequency? Wave cycle between a certain unit of time.
What is a crest? The highest point of a wave.
What is a trough? The lowest point of a wave.
A longer wavelength means a _______ frequency. Lower.
A shorter wavelength means a _______ frequency. Higher.
What is the order of the Electromagnetic Spectrum? (Lowest to Highest). Radio Waves, Microwave, Infrared, Ultra-Violet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays.
What is the blue shift? Compress the wavelength.
What is the red shift? Stretch the wavelength.
What is the Atomic Emission Spectra? When atoms absorb energy, their electrons move to higher energy levels.
The energy required for an electron to move up is identical to the... Amount emitted to move down.
True or false: All AES are the same. False, AES are unique and act as fingerprints to identify elements.
What are the three points Einstein used to explain the Photoelectric Effect? 1.) Classical Physics. 2.) Quantization of Energy. 3.) The Photoelectric Effect.
What is the classical physics point? Atomic emission spectrum should be continuous does not explain spectra of atoms, which consist of lines.
What is the quantization of energy point? Described mathematically that the amount of radiant energy (E) of a single quantum absorbed or emitted by a body is proportional to the frequency of radiation (v).
Who created the quantization of energy point? Maxwell Planck.
What is the photoelectric effect point? Light could be described as quanta of energy that behave as if they were particles.
What equations is used for energy/photons? E=Plancks Constant(Jxs) x Frequency(per second).
What's Planck's Constant? 6.626 x 10^(-34) Jxs
In the photoelectric theory, the smaller change means... While large change means... Lower frequency. -Higher frequency.
Einstein proposed there was a ________. Threshold.
How are the frequencies of light emitted by an atom related to changes of electron energies?
Created by: OliviaRoark
Popular Chemistry sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards