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Anatomy Part 2

Weeks 6-12

QuestionAnswer
Muscles may be named according to: *Function. *Direction of fibers. *Points of attachment.
The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: latissimus dorsi.
Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the: clavicle and scapula.
A muscle that assists with mastication is the: masseter.
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true? The knee is acting as a fulcrum.
The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. pennate
Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? Pectoralis minor
The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class lever. third
Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles? Tripennate
The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. spiral
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? Flexor
In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? Biceps brachii
Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. circular.
Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight. 50%
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? *Rectus *Femoris
Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture? Digestive Endocrine Excretory
The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. flex
The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: trapezius.
The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: opponens pollicis.
The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. True
Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called: synergists. fixators.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? *The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. *The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. *When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs.
Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? Sartorius
Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: perimysium
The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: brachioradialis
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: endomysium
When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: posterior thigh.
The prime mover can also be called the: agonist
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its: points of attachment
All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: deltoid
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? Biceps femoris
The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. convergent
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: anterior medial surface of the forearm
Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect? The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow.
Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? Transverse abdominis
The teres major and teres minor muscles move the: arm.
Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): muscle fiber.
Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? Sacrospinalis
The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: skeletal muscles.
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. sympathetic and parasympathetic
Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: nuclei
The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: astrocytes
Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: microglia lay down scar tissue.
In the human nervous system: there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
The nervous system can be divided: according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors.
Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? Endoneurium
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: perineurium
Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? Dopamine
Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. sensory
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: somatic nervous system.
Astrocytes attach to: neurons blood vessels.
Which is not true of the myelin sheath? It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
Most unipolar neurons are usually: sensory neurons.
Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: a neurilemma.
Multipolar neurons have: multiple dendrites and one axon.
Which is true of a reflex arc? It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. toward
The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment.
A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): sensory neuron.
Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: dendrite, cell body, and axon.
The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: myelinated fibers.
One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: astrocytes
Interneurons reside in the: CNS only.
The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. multipolar
Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response
Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: cell bodies.
Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? Oligodendrocytes
Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. False
The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. 31
A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus. coccygeal
All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. False
The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. tenth
Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? Cervical
All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: vestibulocochlear
Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division. False
Several “vital centers” are located in the: medulla
The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: about 90% of the population.
Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. adrenal gland
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. adenohypophysis
The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as infundibulum.
Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? the thyroid
Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. thyroid gland
Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. calcitonin
Membrane attached to the stapes. oval window
The hormone produced by the heart increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. thymus gland
The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a E wave.
A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called leukopenia
The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the head, neck, and upper extremity.
Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called diapedesis.
_____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. Hematocrit
The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the SA node.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? sympathetic parasympathetic
Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called valves.
The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.
Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? tunica intima
The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. skin
The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called phagocytosis.
The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the thymus
Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are lymph nodes.
Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? spleen
Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in cytolysis
Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called lacteals
Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? immunoglobulin M
During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. thymocytes
Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: maxillary
The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. 11
The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: thyroid cartilage.
Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: alveoli
Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? Determines the quality of the voice
The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: nostrils. anterior nares. external nares.
The function of surfactant is to: prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: cricoid cartilage.
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? Distributes oxygen to cells
Which of the following does not distribute air? Alveolus
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