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Drug list

Top 200 Drugs: Drug List Four #61-80

Generic nameBrand nameIFUClassificationMOARouteADR & Black BoxDrug Stem
Ethinyl Estradiol + Norethindrone Jevantique Lo Birth Control, Menopause, Osteoporosis Oral Contraceptive, Hormone Replacement Therapy (Estrogen, Progesterone) • Combination of two different hormones that suppress ovulation by preventing the egg from fully developing each month • Replaces low levels of estrogen and progesterone during menopause to help alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot PO ADR: CNS, GI Black Box: Increases risk for Breast CA, Uterine CA, Ovarian CA, Stroke, Blood Clots, Heart Attack -estr-
Fenofibrate TriCor Hyperlipidemia Antilipemics & Fibric Acid (“Fibrates”) • Decreases the production of enzymes that prevent fat breakdown. Increases the production of proteins and enzymes that breakdown fat. • Increases the breakdown of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Decreased VLDL results in decreased PO ADR: CV, CNS, Rhabdomyolysis -fibrate
Propranolol Inderal Hypertension Beta Blocker • Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. Beta blockers cause the heart to beat slower and with less force, which lowers blood pressure. PO ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: CV -olol
Glimepiride Amaryl Hyperglycemia, Type II DM Sulfonylureas • Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin release from the Beta cells of the pancreas. • They stimulate insulin release by blocking ATP sensitive potassium channels in the Beta cells, reducing potassium permeability PO ADR: Endocrine, CNS gli- (gly-)
Ergocalciferol Vitamin D2 Vitamin D Deficiency, Hypocalcemia, Hypophosphatemia, Rickets, Osteomalacia Vitamin D Analog • Ergocalciferol is a synthetic form of Vitamin D2. Along with Vitamin D3 (available OTC) it works to maintain adequate blood levels of Ca+ and Phosphorus. By triggering the release of Ca+ & Phos from bones when levels are low and increasing die PO ADR: Endocrine, GI Black Box: Electrolyte Imbalance -calci-
Esomeprazole Nexium GERD Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) • The enzyme HydrogenPotassium ATPase present in the stomach maintains the acidity of gastric secretions. • PPIs block the enzyme Hydrogen-Potassium ATPase thereby reducing stomach acidity. PO ADR: CNS, GI -prazole
Spironolactone Aldactone Hypertension, Acne Diuretic (Potassium Sparing) • Aldosterone i a steroid hormone that maintains electrolyte (Na+, Cl-, K+) and fluid balance within the body. It can cause retention of Na+ resulting in hypertension. • Potassium sparing diuretics work as antagonists of aldosterone. They com PO ADR: CNS, CV Black Box: Tumorigenic Potential none
Loratadine Claritin, Alavert Allergies, Hay fever Antihistamine (Histamine H1-Antagonist) • Antigens (food, environmental triggers) trigger the release of histamine which binds to H1- Receptor sites. This connection brings about allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. • Antihistamines bind to H1- PO ADR: CNS, Dermatologic Black Box: Hepatic Impairment -tadine *-tidine = H2-Antagonist (GI)
Naproxen Aleve Pain, Inflammation NSAID • Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in tissues. This prevents pain receptors from triggering the inflammatory process and sending pain signals to/from the brain. PO ADR: CV, CNS, GI Black Box: Thrombotic Events none
Lamotrigine Lamictal Epilepsy, Seizure Disorders Anticonvulsant •Anticonvulsants delay the movement of sodium or calcium crossing neural membranes, which slows the activity of neurons and calms cells = suppresses the CNS = reduced seizure activity PO ADR: GI, CV Black Box: Skin Reactions none
Hydrochlorothiazide + Triamterene Maxzide, Dyazide Hypertension Diuretic (Thiazide + Potassium Sparing) • Thiazide diuretics lower blood pressure by increasing urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and H20. • Triamterene is a K+ sparing diuretic that acts directly on the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of Na+ and decrease excretion of K+ and H+. • Unlik PO ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Hyperkalemia -thiazide
Cetirizine Zyrtec Allergies, Hay Fever Antihistamine (Histamine H1-Antagonist) • Antigens (food, environmental triggers) trigger the release of histamine which binds to H1- Receptor sites. This connection brings about allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. • Antihistamines bind to H1- PO ADR: CNS, GI Black Box: CNS Depression none
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim Bactrim Bacterial Infections Antibiotic (Sulfanomide) • Interferes with the metabolic process of bacteria by blocking PABA which is essential in forming folic acid. • Folic acid is required by bacteria for DNA synthesis and reproduction. Inadequate amounts of folic acid prevents DNA synthesis PO ADR: CNS, CV, GI -sulfa (antimicrobial) -prim (antibacterial)
Lovastatin Mevacor Hyperlipidemia HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors • HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors lower cholesterol levels by blocking the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme in the liver. This slows down the liver's production of cholesterol. PO ADR: Neuromuscular, CNS -statin
Diltiazem Cardizem Hypertension, Angina Ca+ Channel Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers are antiarrhythmics that dilate arteries and decrease heart rate = lower blood pressure and decreases work load of the heart. PO ADR: CV, CNS -tiazem
Clonidine Catapres Hypertension, Sedation, ADHD, Opiod, Alcohol, Nicotine Withdrawal Alpha-2 Agonist Lowers blood pressure by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain stem. • This stimulation results in decreased levels of norepinephrine in the blood. Norepinephrine increases the heart rate and the contractibility of the heart PO ADR: CNS, Dermatologic none
Topiramate Topamax Epilepsy, Seizure Disorders Anticonvulsant Anticonvulsants delay the movement of sodium or calcium crossing neural membranes, which slows the activity of neurons and calms cells = suppresses the CNS = reduced seizure activity PO ADR: CNS, Endocrine none
Amoxicillin Amoxil Bacterial Infections Antibiotic (Penicillin) Penicillin antibiotics stop bacterial infections by inhibiting enzymes involved in the final step of the bacteria’s cell wall formation. • Without a functioning cell wall, the bacteria dies and the infection subsides. PO ADR: CV, GI -cillin
Pregabalin Lyrica Seizures Anticonvulsant Anticonvulsants delay the movement of sodium or calcium crossing neural membranes, which slows the activity of neurons and calms cells = suppresses the CNS = reduced seizure activity PO ADR: CV, CNS -gab-
Folic Acid Folvite Folate Deficiency, Anemia Vitamin Supplement • Folate, a naturally occurring form of Vitamin B helps tissues grow and cells function properly. Works with Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C to help the body to process proteins. It also helps form new red blood cells. • Folic acid is a synthetic PO ADR: CV, Dermatologic Black Box: Anemia none
Created by: aaishat
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