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Upper limb by heem
Upper limb muscles (origin, insertion, nerve, action) for dummies like me
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supinator superficial head | O: 1) lateral epicondyle, 2)lateral collateral 3) annular ligamen | I: neck AND upper shaft of radius | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Supination 2) Extenstion of elbow |
| Abductor pollicis longus (APL) | O: 1) middle posterior surface of radius 2) interosseous membrane 3) middle posterior surface of ulna | I: lateral base of 1st metacarpal | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Abduction of thumb 2) Extension of thumb |
| Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) | O: 1) lower posterior surface of radius 2) interosseous membrane | I: distal base of 1st phalanx | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: Extension of thumb at MPJ |
| Supinator deep head | O: 1) supinator crest of ulna 2) fossa of ulna | I: neck AND upper shaft of radius | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Supination 2) Extenstion |
| Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) | O: 1) middle posterior surface of ulna 2) interosseous membrane | I: distal base of 1st phalanx | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: Extension of all Js. of thumb |
| Extensor indicis (EI) | O: 1) lower posterior surface of ulna 2) interosseous membrane | I: joins extensor expansion of index | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: Extension of index |
| Pronator teres (PT) | O: Humeral Head) medial epicondyle (CFO) Ulnar Head) Coronoid process | I: pronator tuberosity | N: Median | A: 1) Flexion of elbow 2) Pronation of elbow |
| Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) | O: medial epicondyle (CFO) | I: base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals (palmar) | N: Median | A: 1) Flexion of elbow and hand 2) Abduction of hand |
| Palmaris longus (PL) | O: medial epicondyle (CFO) | I: 1) palmar aponeurosis 2) flexor retinaculum | N: Median | A: Flexion of elboow and hand |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) | O: HumeroUlnar head: 1) medial epicondyle (CFO) 2) coronoid process Radial Head) anterior shaft of radius | I: sides of middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers | N: Median | A: 1) Flexion of elbow and hand 2) Flexion of metacarpophalangeal Js. of medial 4 fingers |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) | O: Humeral Head) medial epicondyle (CFO) Ulnar Head) 1) olecranon process 2) posterior shaft of ulna | I: 1) pisiform 2) hemate 3) base of 5th metacarpal | N: Ulnar | A: 1) Flexion of elbow and hand 2) Adduction of hand |
| Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) | O: 1) anterior middle shaft of radius 2) interosseous membrane | I: distal base of 1st phalanx | N: Anterior interosseus nerve | A: Flexion of thumb |
| Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) | O: 1) upper anterior shaft of ulna 2) interosseous membrane | I: base of distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers | N: lateral) Anterior interosseus nerve medial) Ulnar | A: Flexion of the distal interphalangeal Js. of medial 4 fingers |
| Pronator quadratus | O: lower anterior shaft of ulna | I: lower anterior shaft of radius | N: Anterior interosseus nerve | A: Pronation of forearm |
| Serratus anterior | O: outer and superior surface of the 1-8 ribs | I: 1) superior angle 2) inferior angle 3) medial border | N: Long thoracic | A: 1) Lateral rotation of scapula 2) Protraction of scapula |
| Pectoralis major (Clavicular head) | O: medial anterior surface of clavicle | I: bilaminar tendon into the lateral lip of intertubercular groove | N: Medial & lateral pectoral | A: 1) Medial rotation of arm 2) strong adduction of arm 3) Flexion of arm |
| Pectoralis major (Sternocostal head) | O: 1) lateral half of sternum 2) upper 6 costal cartilages 3) aponuerosis of external oblique muscle | I: bilaminar tendon into the lateral lip of intertubercular groove | N: Medial & lateral pectoral | A: 1) Medial rotation of arm 2) strong adduction of arm |
| Pectoralis minor | O: 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs | I: coracoid process | N: Medial & lateral pectoral | A: Protraction of scapula |
| Subclavius | O: costochondral in 1st rib | I: subclavian groove | N: Nerve to subclavius | A: Stabilize the scapula when pectoral gridle moves |
| Trapezius | O: 1) external occipital protuberance 2) superior nachal line 3) ligamentum nuchae 4) spinous process of 7th cervical and all thoracic 5) supraspinous ligaments | I: 1) acromion 2) lateral 1/3 of clavicle 3) spine of scapula | N: XI cranial nerve (spinal accessory nerve) | A: 1) Elevation of scapula 2) Retraction of scapula 3) Lateral rotation of scapula |
| Latissimus dorsi | O: 1) Spinous processes of T7-T12 2) posterior lumbar fascia 3) posterior iliac crest 4) lower 4 or 3 ribs 5) inferior angle of scapula | I: Intertubercular groove of humerus | N: Thoraco dorsal | A: 1) Extension of arm 2) Adduction of arm 3) Medial rotation of arm |
| Levator scapulae | O: transverse processes of upper 4 cervical | I: medial scapular superior portion | N: C3 and C4 | A: 1) Elevation of superior angle of scapula 2) draws scapula medially |
| Rhomboidus major | O: Spinous processes of T2-T5 | I: medial border of scapula till inferior angle | N: Dorsal scapular nerve | A: 1) Retraction of scapula 2) Medial rotation of scapula |
| Rhomboidus minor | O: 1) Ligamentum nuchae 2) spinous processes of C7-T1 | I: medial border of scapula | N: Dorsal scapular nerve | A: 1) Retraction of scapula 2) Medial rotation of scapula |
| Deltoid | O: Anterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle | I: deltoid tuberosity | N: Axillary nerve | A: 1) Abduction of arm 2) Flexion of arm 3) Extension of arm 4) Rotaion of arm (med,lat) |
| Supraspinatus | O: Supraspinatus fossa | I: Superior facet of the greater tubercle | N: Suprascapular nerve | A: Starts abduction of arm |
| Infraspinatus | O: Infraspinous fossa | I: Middle facet of the greater tubercle | N: Suprascapular nerve | A: 1) Lateral rotation of shoulder 2) Strengthen shoulder by bracing head of humerus |
| Subscapularis | O: Subscapular fossa | I: Lesser tubercle | N: Upper & lower subscapular nerve | A: 1) Medial rotation of arm 2) Adduction of arm 3) Stabilize shoulder joint |
| Teres minor | O: Lateral border of the scapula | I: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle | N: Axillary nerve | A: 1) Lateral rotation of arm 2) Weak adduction |
| Teres major | O: Lateral border and inferior angle of scapula | I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove (Bicipital groove) | N: Lower subscapular | A: 1) Extension of arm 2) medial rotation of arm 3) Adduction of arm |
| Coracobrachialis | O: Coracoid process | I: Middle shaft of humerus | N: Musculocutaneous | A: 1) Adduction of arm 2) Flexion of arm |
| Biceps | O: Long head) Supraglenoid tubercle Short head) Coracoid process | I: radial tuberosity (gives bicipital aponeurosis | N: Musculocutaneous | A: 1) Flexion of elbow 2) supination of forearm at radio-ulnar J. |
| Brachialis | O: 1) Lower anterior surface of humerus 2) medial and lateral intermuscular septa | I: Coronoid process | N: Musculocutaneous | A: Flexion of elbow |
| Triceps (long head) | O: Infraglenoid tubercle | I: posterior upper surface of olecranon process | N: Radial | A: Extension of elbow |
| Triceps (medial head) | O: lower posterior surface of humerus (below and medial to spiral groove) 2) the 2 intermuscular septa | I: posterior upper surface of olecranon process | N: Radial | A: Extension of elbow |
| Triceps (lateral head) | O: O: 1) upper posterior surface of humerus (above and lateral to spiral groove) | I: posterior upper surface of olecranon process | N: Radial | A: Extension of elbow |
| Anconeus | O: Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle | I: 1) olecraneon 2) shaft of ulna | N: Radial | A: Extension of elbow |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) | O: 1) Anterior surface of lateral epicondyle 2) posterior of ulna | I: Base of 5 metacarpal | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Extension of hand 2) Adduction of hand |
| Extensor digiti minmi (EDM) | O: CEO Lateral epicondyle | I: Extensor expansion of 5th digit | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: Extension of 5th metacarpal |
| Extensor digitorum (ED) | O: CEO Lateral epicondyle | I: I: Extensor expansion of the 4 medial digits | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Extension at wrist 2) Extension at metacarpal interphalangeal joints of fingers |
| Extensor carpi radials brevis (ECRB) | O: CEO Lateral epicondyle | I: Base of 3rd metacarpal | N: Deep radial (posterior interosseous) | A: 1) Extension of wrist 2) Abduction of wrist |
| Extensor carpi radials longus (ECRL) | O: lower lateral supracondylar | I: Base of 2nd metacarpal | N: Radial | A: 1) Extension of wrist 2) Abduction of wrist |
| Brachioradialis | O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge | I: 1) Distal radius 2) proximal to styloid process | N: Radial | A: 1) Flexion of elbow |
Created by:
MeanHeem
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