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Unit-6-Chem-Test

Chemical Bonding

TermDefinition
Ionic bonding Transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals that forms from the attraction between positive and negative ions
Octet Rule Atoms will gain or lose enough electrons to become isoelectronic with a noble gas
Exception to Octet Rule Helium
Electron Dot Structures A way to show the number of valence electrons in an atom from s and p blocks only
Crystals 3D repeating pattern of alternating positive and negative ions, make up ionic compounds
Formula unit Lowest whole number ratio of ions
Ionic compound properties High melting points, conduct electricity when melted or dissolved
Ionic bond properties Very strong, solids at room temperature, high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity in liquid and aqueous states
Aqueous Dissolved in water
Empirical Formulas Lowest whole number ratio within a molecular formula
Covalent bonding A sharing of electrons between nonmetals only to reach a stable electron configuration
Molecules/Molecular compounds Atoms that are covalently bonded
Covalent bond properties Weaker, lower melting and boiling points, nonconductors, can be a solid liquid, or gas at room temperature
Molecular formula Chemical formula for a covalently bonded group of atoms and indicates the exact makeup of one molecule
VSEPR - Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory The electron pairs (both shared and unshared) in the outermost energy level try to get as far apart from each other as possible, determining the molecule's shape.
Linear Shape 2 or three atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs - straight line.
Bent Shape Three atoms where the central atom can have one or two unshared pairs of electrons
Trigonal Planar Four atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs
Pyramid Four atoms where the central atom has one unshared pair
Tetrahedral Five atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs
Trigonal Bipyramidal Six atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs
Polar Bond Bonds where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, like when atoms are different
Atoms that pull electrons to themselves Atoms that are most electronegative
Non-polar bond Electrons are shared equally between atoms, like when atoms are the same
Molecules will always be polar when There are different atoms around a central atom
Molecules will always be non-polar when There are the same atoms around a central atom
A single covalent bond consists of 2 electrons
Created by: ClimbingBird
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