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mental health
neurocognitive disorders and adolescents
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| delirium | o An acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech |
| risk factors for delirium | pain, infection, dehydration, hypoxia, immobilization, poor or inadequate nutrition, environment noise, lack of orienting material, sleep deprivation, sensory problems, restraint use |
| abnormal exam findings for someone with delirium | o Attention deficits, memory impairment, illusions and hallucinations, anger/agitation, pulling IVs, falling out of bed, self-care deficits, hyperactivity, changes in sleep-wake cycle, abnormal vital signs |
| treatment and interventions for someone experiencing delirium | o Monitor neurological status and vital signs, keep the patient safe, keep communication simple and direct, acknowledge patient’s feelings, maintain a well-lit and low stimulus environment, orient the patient |
| mild cognitive impairment | o A decline from previous cognitive functioning, impairments do not impact daily functioning but can progress to a major cognitive disorder |
| dementia | - broad term used to describe the deterioration of cognitive functioning and global impairment of cognitive functioning |
| risk factors for development of Alzheimers | Increases with age Cardiovascular disease- inactivity and high cholesterol Social engagement and diet- poor diet and social isolation Head injury and traumatic brain injury- those who suffer repeated head trauma |
| mild alzheimers | memory lapse occurs but the person may still function independently |
| moderate alzheimers | - symptoms may become noticeable and behavior is markedly changed |
| severe alzheimers | may have difficulty with communication and needs 24 hr care |
| assessment for alzheimers pts | evaluate baseline of cognitive and daily functioning, identify threats of safety, review current meds, interview the family, identify needs for education and support services |
| diagnosis for alzheimers | risk for injury, chronic confusion, ineffective coping, harm to self and others, compromised or disabled family coping, self-care deficit |
| strategies to prevent development of Alzheimers | o Stay physically active o Stop smoking o Maintain a healthy weight o Drink moderately or not at all o Reduce inflammation o Get adequate sleep o Avoid chronic stress and depression |
| cholinesterase inhibitors | used for acetylcholine deficiency o Galantamine (Razadyne) o Donepezil (Aricept) o Rivastigimine (Exelon) |
| NMDA receptor antagonist | – Memantine (Namenda) |
| NMDA Receptor Antagonist/ Cholinesterase Inhibitor | Donepezil / Memantine- combo |
| assessment of older adults | ADLs, physical, cognitive, Quality of life, social and spiritual |
| interventions for the older adult | determine appropriate care setting, mental and physical exercises to improve cognitive functioning, encourage social interaction, cognitive stimulation activities , educate on side effects of meds, help avoid polypharmacy, monitor for side effects |
| Adverse childhood experiences | o Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, verbal abuse, mental illness of household member, criminal activity, illegal street or prescription drug or addiction use, the disappearance of a parent through divorce, death or abandonment |
| resilience | o The relationship beween a person’s inborn strength and success in handling stressful environmental factors |
| impact of ACE on mental and physical health | may not be able to adapt to changes, form nurturing relationships, distance self from others, problem solve, perceive a long term future or positively interact in society |
| communication disorders | a deficit in language skills acquisition that creates impairments in academic achievement, socialization, or self-care |
| motor disorders | impairments in motor skill development, coordination below the child’s developmental age |
| specific learning disorders | dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia |
| autism spectrum disorder | - complex neurobiological and developmental disability that typically appears during a child’s first three years of life |
| manifestations of ADHD | o Inappropriate level of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity o Relationships are strained due to intrusive behaviors and poor boundaries o There is a low frustration tolerance and labile moods |
| pharmacologic interventions of ADHD | stimulants |
| nonpharmacologic interventions for ADHD | o Recognize ineffective coping mechanisms, manage disruptive behaviors, actively involve the family in therapy |
| side effects of stimulants | o Weight loss, anorexia, impaired appetite, elevated BP, elevated HR, worsen tics and tremors, impaired sleep, irritability |
| pt teaching for stimulants | o All stimulants can become dependent and habit forming o Drug holidays should be encouraged o Parent needs to be educated about how to store and administer o If forgot to take the drug in the morning- just do not take at all |
| oppositional defiance disorder | Mood dysregulation and defiance to authority figures in one or more settings Behavior impacts the ability to develop relationships, function in a family unit and attend school |
| intermittent explosive disorder | - inability to control aggressive impulses, aggression can be verbal or physical and targeted towards others, property, animals, or themselves |
| conduct disorder | the pattern of behavior in which the rights of others are violated, and social norms or rules are disregarded, abnormally aggressive behavior, left untreated will likely develop into APD |
Created by:
ellabrewer3
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