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Physics - Optics
Full Grade 10 Optics Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is light | energy that travels in waves |
| what the electromagnetic radiation | light |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation is on the ems | rmivuxg |
| what is the order of radiation that sit on the ems | radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray |
| order of the colours | red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
| how is a wavelength measured | crest to crest or trough to trough |
| shorter wavelengths have the _____ energy | most |
| longer wavelengths have the _____ energy | least |
| what do we call the bottom of a wavelength | trough |
| what do we call the top of a wavelength | crest |
| bioluminescence | the production of light by living organisms |
| chemiluminescence | the emission of light from a chemical reaction |
| incandescence | light from heat |
| fluorescence | phosphorescent material converts radiation into visible light |
| phosphorescence | light emitted by a substance without combustion or perceptible heat |
| electric discharge | the release of electricity stored in a source |
| triboluminescence | the production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing, or rubbing |
| what does LED stand for | light emitting diode |
| lasers | powerful beams of focused lgiht |
| example of bioluminescence | fireflies |
| example of chemiluminescence | glow sticks |
| example of incandescence | sun |
| example of fluorescence | fluorescent light bulb |
| example of phosphorescence | glow in the dark objects |
| example of electric discharge | lightning |
| example of triboluminescence | rubbing crystals together |
| example of LED | street lights |
| example of lasers | grocery scanner |
| how does light travel | in straight lines |
| how many laws of reflection are there | two |
| what are the laws of reflection | the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, the incident ray, normal line, and reflected ray all meet at the point of incidence |
| transparent | lets light and objects shine through |
| translucent | lets only light shine through |
| opaque | does not let light or objects shine through |
| incident ray | ray that comes from the source |
| reflective ray | ray that comes from the reflective surface |
| angle of incidence | angle between the ray of incidence and the normal line |
| angle of reflection | angle between normal line and reflective ray |
| normal | line (imaginary) perpendicular to a reflective surface |
| reflective surface | reflects all light |
| example of a reflective surface | mirror |
| is a reflective surface always a mirror | no |
| point of incidence | where the incident ray, normal line, and reflective ray all meet |
| specular reflection | a reflection off a smooth surface |
| diffuse reflection | a reflection off a rough or irregular surface |
| what is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection | in specular, all reflected rays will go in the same direction, whereas in diffusem the reflected rays will be scattered |
| what is visible light | light that can be seen by the human eye |
| what are some times of ER that are invisible to us | radio waves, microwaves, x-rays |
| what happens when light travels through a prism | the light slows, bends, and then shows all the colours of visible light |
| what happens when ER has a wavelength outside of the visible spectrum | it is invisible to the human eye |
| what happens when things look white | all the colours are being reflected |
| what happens when things look black/dark | all the colours are being absorbed |
| what happens to our eyes when the light is turned on | pupils constrict (get smaller) |
| list three ways we use EM radiation in our everyday lives | radio, telephone, microwave |
| what is the color of an object related to | frequency of light waves it reflects |
| what is the lowest frequency colour | red |
| what is the highest frequency colour | violet |
| where does light perception occur | back of the eye - retina |
| what are the two types of light detecting cells in the retina | rods and cones |
| what are rods used for | seeing in low-light conditions |
| how many rods are there | one |
| what are cones used for | seeing in light and seeing colour |
| how many types of cones are threre | three |
| what happens when you see the colour yellow | both red and green cones are activated, sending a signal to your brain of the colour yellow |
| what is heat radiation also known as | infrared waves |
| why is red always at the top of the rainbow | it bends the least |
| why is violet always at the top of the rainbow | it bends the most |
| what is a comparison size for radiowaves | football pitch |
| what is a comparison size for infrared waves | cell |
| what is a comparison size for gamma ray waves | atomic nucleus |
| acronym ems | rmivuxg |
| what is refraction | the bending of light |
| define geometric optics | describing light creation in terms of rays |
| define image | where light rays reflected off an object appear to meet |
| define virtual image | collection of focus points of light rays coming from an object |
| what is another name for a converging mirror | concave |
| what is another word for a diverging mirror | convex |
| what is a converging lens | lens that causes parallel rays to focus |
| what is a diverging lens | lens that causes specific focal points to be spread out |
| salt for a plane mirror | S: same A: upright, laterally inverted L: behind mirror T: virtual |
| salt for a convex mirror | S: smaller A: upright L: behind mirror T: virtual |
| do convex mirrors always produce the same images | yes |
| can real images be projected onto a screen | yes |
| can virtual images be projected onto a screen | no |
| where do real images form | in front of the mirror |
| where do virtual images form | behind the mirror |
| are real images always upright | no, they are always inverted |
| are virtual images always inverted | no, they are always upright |
| real images are found when using _____ mirrors | concave mirrors, with one exception |
| when is a real image formed when using concave mirrors | when the object is on F |
| virtual images are found when using _____ mirrors | convex |
| can a real image be produced in a convex mirror | no, the reflected rays diverge, making it impossible for them to converge and create an image on the screen |
| light travels at what speed | 3.00 10^8 m/s |
| is the speed of light in air slightly more or slightly less than the speed of light in a vacuum | slightly less |
| is the speed of light different for in air and in a vaccum | no, the values are so similar that the same number is used |
| how does the speed of light change | it depends on the medium that it is travelling through |
| where is the angle of refraction located | between the refracted light ray and the normal |
| what is the first rule for refraction | the incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane |
| where are the incident ray and refracted ray located | on opposite sides of the line that separates them (normal) |
| when does light bend towards the normal | when the speed of light in the second medium is less than the speed of light in the first medium |
| when does light bend away from the normal | when the speed of light in the second medium is more than the speed of light in the second medium |
| why does a spoon appear bent to the human eye | the speed of light increases as the light from the spoon travels from water into air, therefore bending away from the normal. since humans perceive light to travel in straight lines, a virtual light source forms behind the real spoon |
| what is it called when objects bend in water | refraction. refraction is the bending of light. water slows down light, causing it to bend |
| what is refraction often accompanied by | reflection |
| define partial reflection and refraction | part of something is reflected and another is refracted |
| provide an example of partial reflection and refraction | sun shining on a lake. trees can be seen on the water due to reflection and the fish in the water are visible due to refraction |
| light can undergo... | reflection, refraction, or absorption |
| objects under water always appear to be ____ to the surface than they actually are | nearer |
| apparent depth is an example of what | an optical illusion |
| what is apparent depth | when objects underwater appear to be closer to the surface than they actually are |
| what is the flattened sun | when the sun is near the horizon during sunset, it appears to be flattened |
| what is the cause for the flattened sun | refraction |
| what are some examples of phenomena related to refraction | apparent depth, flattened sun, mirage, shimmering, rainbow |
| what do we call 'water on pavement' | a mirage |
| when does a mirage appear | when light is travelling from cool air into warmer air |
| what kind of image is a mirage | a virtual image |
| why does the moon appear to 'shimmer' | light is being refracted as it passes through air of different temperatures, total internal reflection occurs in the lowest warm air layer, resulting is multiple virtual images of the moon |
| when does moonlight travel more slowly | when it is travelling through the coldest air layer - towards the normal |
| when does moonlight travel more quickly | when it is travelling through the warmest air layer - away from the normal |
| define dispersion | the separation of white light into its spectrum |
| why does dispersion occur | because each colour of visible light travels at a slightly different speed when it goes through the glass prism |
| does violet slow down more or less than red when it enters the prism | more |
| which colour is bending more towards the normal than any other colour | violet |
| how does a rainbow appear | produced by water droplets in earths atmosphere |
| what is the first step in the rainbow creation process | light is refracted when it enters the raindrop (going from air to water), resulting is dispersion |
| what is the second step in the rainbow creation process | partial internal reflection occurs when the light hits the back of the raindrop |
| what is the third step in the rainbow creation process | refraction as the light exits the raindrop (air into water). this is the light that our eyes see, which is perceived as a rainbow |
| when can you only see a rainbow | when the sun is behind you |
| what kind of image is a rainbow | a virtual image |
| how are lenses different from mirrors | mirrors reflect light, lenses refract light |
| what are the two types of lenses | converging and diverging |
| what is another word for converging lens | convex lens |
| what is another word for diverging lens | concave lens |
| describe the shape of a converging lens | thich in the middle, thin on the ends |
| describe the shape of a diverging lens | thin in the middle, thick on the ends |
| what happens to the light rays in a converging lens | the rays meet at a single point (converge) after travelling through a lens |
| what happens to the light rays in a diverging lens | the rays spread apart (diverge) after travelling through a lens |
| what characteristics are mostly formed in converging lenses | inverted, opposite side of object, real |
| will converging lenses always have the same characteristics | no, if the image is in front of F', the image will be larger, upright, and virtual |
| list some uses of converging lenses | magnifying glass, eyeglasses (farsightedness), microscopes |
| what characteristics are formed in diverging lenses | smaller, upright, same side as object, virtual |
| will converging lenses always have the same characteristics | yes because the location of the object does not affect the characteristics |
| list some uses of diverging lenses | eyeglasses (nearsightedness), flashlight |
| where will real images always be formed in a lens | on the opposite side of the object |
| where will virtual images always be formed in a lens | on the same side of the object |
| what is the difference between luminous and non-luminous objects | luminous objects produce light and non-luminous objects do not produce light |
| how are curved mirrors different than plane mirrors | the shape of a curved mirror determines what happens to the reflected light rays |
| how is a laser different than white light | lasers are a single wavelength whereas white light have many wavelengths |
| what does the path of a light ray is aimed along the normal line of a plane mirror | the light reflects back along the normal line |
| the centre of curvature is _____ the focus | double |
| is a refracted ray is bending towards the normal it is getting ____ | slower |
| is a refracted ray is bending away from the normal is it getting _____ | faster |
| is c (speed of light) the larger number | yes |
| the _____ the index of refraction (n) the _____ the light travels towards the medium | slower |
| if a new material was discovered in which light travels faster than in air/vacuum, what would be true about the index of refraction | the index of refraction would be less than 1.00 |
| can the speed of light be over 3.00 | no |
| is the speed of light faster or slower than the speed of sound | faster |
| how do mediums become more optically dense | the refracted rays travel slower, go towards the normal |
| what happens to the focal length of a concave mirror if the mirror is hardly bent | the focal length becomes longer |
| normal line | imaginary line perpendicular to the mirror |
| incident ray | ray of light that is coming from a source |
| reflective ray | ray coming from the object |
| point of incidence | where the incident ray, reflective ray, and normal all meet |
| angle of incidence | angle between incident ray and normal line |
| angle of reflection | angle between normal line and reflective ray |
| mirror | reflective surface |
| lines and images behind a mirror are always... | dashed |
| what is the eye | a type of lens |
| iris | the coloured part of the eye. controls the amount of light that enters the eye. |
| pupil | hole in the iris. where light enters the eye |
| lens | a structure of the eye that causes light to converge |
| cornea | a structure of the eye. the transparent bulge on top of the pupil that focuses light. |
| which structure of the eye refracts more light | cornea |
| retina | found at the back of each eye cavity. it contains light sensitive cells (rods and cones). |
| what is the purpose of the retina | to convert light signals into an electrical signal that is transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve |
| LED | light created by electricity flowing through semiconductors |
| optical nerve | creates a blind spot at the back of each eye because there are no light sensitive cells in the small area |
| how is the blind spot in each eye not noticed | the opposite eye compensates for what cannot be seen. the left eye can see what is in the blind spot of the right eye and vise-versa |
| what is the image our brain sees | a smaller, real, inverted image on the retina |
| how is the image we see different from the image our brain sees | once the brain receives the electrical impulses from the retina, teh brian takes the inverted image and flips it so the image we see is upright |
| what is eye accomodation | the process of the eye focusing in and out to see distant and nearby objects |
| far-sightedness is when a person has trouble seeing... | objects up close |
| example of far-sightedness | hyperopia |
| example of a form of far-sightedness | presbyopia |
| define presbyopia | difficulty seeing images up close as a result of aging |
| explain hyperopia | occurs because the distance between the lens and the retina is too small or the cornea-lens combination is too weak |
| how can hyperopia be fix | glasses with a converging lens |
| near-sightedness is when a person has trouble seeing... | objects far away |
| example of near-sightedness | myopia |
| explain myopia | occurs because the distance between the lens and the retina is too large or the cornea-lens combination converges light too strongly |
| how can myopia be fixed | glasses with a diverging lens |
| where does light focus for people with hyperopia | light from all nearby objects focus behind the retina |
| where does light focus for people with myopia | light from distant objects focus in front of the retina |
| what is the purpose of a contact lens | same as glasses, they are used to correct near-sightedness and/or far-sightedness |
| what is the shape of a negative meniscus lens | edges of the lens are thicker than the middle |
| what is the purpose of a negative meniscus lens | to correct near-sightedness and diverge light more so that it hits the retina |
| what is the shape of a positive meniscus lens | middle of the lens is thicker than the edges |
| what is the purpose of a positive meniscus lens | to correct far-sightedness and converge light to retina so light does not go past it |
| what kind of lens does a camera use | converging lens |
| what kind of lens does a peep hole use | diverging lens |
| how does a camera apply lenses | takes in light from large distant objects and forms smaller, inverted images or film or a digital camera |
| how does a movie projector apply lenses | takes a small object from film and projects a larger, inverted, real image on a screen |
| how does a magnifying lens apply lenses | the brain takes the refracted rays of an object and produces an enlarged, virtual image, on the same side of the lens as the object |
| how does a compound microscope apply lenses | arrangement of two converging lenses which produced two enlarged inverted image. the objective lens forms a real image (which you don't see) and then the eyepiece forms a virtual image (which you see) |
| how does a peep hole apply lenses | takes light from outside and focuses then on a small region inside. produces a small, upright, real image |
| first formula for index of refraction | n = c / v |
| second formula for index of refraction | n = sin<i / sin <r |
| where will the image always be on a camera | somewhere between F and 2F |
| how do you get a sharper image on a camera | moving the lens in and out - focusing |
| where must the film be located so the image is larger than the object | between F' and 2F' |
| how is an upright image projected on a screen | the film is loaded into the projector upside down |
| how does a refracting telescope apply lenses | same as a compound microscope but the object is much farther away from 2F' that the rays are considered to be parallel |
| what kind of images do refracting telescopes make | two enlarged, inverted images |
| why are refracting telescopes not suitable for viewing objects on earth | the image will be inverted |
| how is the inverted image of a refracting telescope been overcome in the design of the terrestrial telescope | by adding a third converging lens placed between the objective lens and the eyepiece |
| why cant you see a real image in a compound or refracting telescope | because the real image is located within the body of the microscope |
| where is the object located when using a magnifying glass | between F' and the lens |
| what is total internal reflection an example of | optical phenomenon |
| define total internal reflection | when light rays going from one medium to another are not refracted into the second medium but completely reflected back into the first medium |
| examples of total internal reflection | mirage, binoculars |
| how is a mirage an example of total internal reflection | as light is going from denser to rarer mediums it gets reflected back if the angle of incidence is too steep |
| how are binoculars an example of total internal reflection | as light enters the binoculars and refracts through the prism, it reflects off the pism because the angle of incidence is lower than its critical angle |
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juliasavoy
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