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HS Musculoskeletal

TermDefinition
skeleton the framework for the human body that contain 206 bones
long bones found in the arms and legs; consist of a shaft and two rounded ends
short bones found in wrists and ankles; round or cube shaped
flat bones found in ribs and skull; relatively thin and may be curved
irregular bone found in spinal column and face; oddly shaped that are not flat
joint the areas where two bones join together
fixed joints do not permit any movement at all; found in skull
slightly movable joints allow for limited movement; found in vertebrae of spine and attach to sternum
freely movable joints allow for wide range of movement; found in knees, elbows, shoulders, etc.
range of motion the complete extent of movement that the joint is normally capable of without causing pain
cartilage a tough, fibrous substance found in joints and other parts of the body; in slightly movable joints, it acts as a "shock absorber"
ligaments very strong bands of fibrous tissue that cross over the joint capsule, attaching to one bone to another and stabilizing the joint
tendons bands of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
muscle tone the steady contraction of the skeletal muscles
flexion bending of a joint
extension straightening of a joint
abduction moving a body part away from the midline of the body
adduction moving a body part towards the midline of the body
rotation twisting or turning of a joint
supination rotation of the palm so that it is facing up or forward
pronation rotation of the palm so that it is facing down or backward
eversion rotation of the foot outward
inversion rotation of the foot inward
dorsiflexion bending the foot upward at the ankle by pulling the toes towards the head
plantar flexion flexing the arch of the foot by pointing the toes downward
atrophy the loss of muscle size and strength
osteoporosis excessive loss of bone tissue; bone becomes extremely fragile
arthritis inflammation of the joints, usually associated with pain and stiffness
muscular dystrophy a general term for a group of disorders that cause the skeletal muscles to become progressively weaker over time
fracture a broken bone
closed fracture the bone is broken, but the broken ends do not protrude through the over lying skin
open fracture the bone is broken, and the sharp ends of the broken bone have broken through the skin
greenstick fracture the bone bends and splinters, but it does not break all the way through
impacted fracture the bone is broken all the way through, and the broken ends of the bone are jammed into each other
comminuted fracture the bone is splintered into several little peices
spiral fracture the break circles around the bone in a winding fashion
reduction the process of bringing the broken ends of the bone into alignment
fixation the process of holding the bone in one position until the fracture heals
traction the ends of the bones are placed in the proper alignment and then weight is applied to exert a constant and keep the bone in alignment
trapeze bar a device that is attached to the overhead frame of a person's bed; used to assist with movement
amputation the removal of all or part of an arm or leg
stump the end of the amputated limb that is left after surgery
phantom pain the feeling that the amputated body part is still present, after an amputation
active range of motion patient or resident performs all exercises independently
passive range of motion the nursing assistant or nurse moves the patient's or resident's joints through the exercises, without active involvement on the part of the person
active assistive range of motion the patient or resident performs the exercises with some hands-on assistance from the nursing assistant or nurse
gangrene death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion
Created by: mtibben
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