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Drug List

Top 200 Drugs: Drug List Three #41-60

GenericBrandMOAIFUClassificationPOADR and Black BoxDrug Stem
Glipizide Glucotrol • Sensitizes the beta cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans insulin response, meaning that more insulin is released in response to glucose • By blocking potassium channels, the cell depolarizes, which results in the opening of voltage-gated cal Diabetes Mellitus Type II Sulfonylurea, Oral Hypoglycemic PO ADR: CNS, Dermatalogic gli-
Warfarin Coumadin • Warfarin decreases the body's ability to form blood clots by blocking the formation of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors. Vitamin K is needed to make clotting factors and prevent bleeding. Thrombosis, Thromboembolic Complications Anticoagulant PO ADR: Hematologic, CV Black Box: Bleeding Risk, Pregnancy Category D none
Cyclobenzaprine Flexeril •Cyclobenzaprine is a 5HT2 receptor antagonist • It relieves muscle spasms through action on the central nervous system at the brain stem, rather than targeting the peripheral nervous system or muscles themselves Myospasms Muscle Relaxant & Analgesic PO ADR: CNS, GI none
Insulin Human Afreeza, Humulin R & N, Novolin R & N Insulin reduces blood glucose levels by attaching to the surface of cells and allowing glucose to leave the blood stream and enter the cells Diabetes Mellitus Type I, II, & Gestational Diabetes Insulin Injection, (Afreeza=Inhaled) ADR: Cardiovascular, Endocrine Store: Keep Refrigerated none
Tamsulosin Flomax • An alpha-blocker that relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate. • Tamsulosin is used to improve urination in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). Urinary Retention Alpha-1-Antagonist PO ADR: CV, CNS none
Zolpidem Ambien Attaches to receptors in the brain called GABA-A receptors. This causes the release of neurotransmitter GABA. GABA is a natural nerve-calming chemical. Reduces the time it takes to fall asleep, and person wakes less often. Insomnia Sedative/Hypnotics PO ADR: CNS Black Box: (4/30/19) – Complex Sleep Behavior -pidem Schedule IV
Ethinyl Estrodiol + Norgestimate Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo • Combination of two different hormones that suppress ovulation by preventing the egg from fully developing each month • Other possible mechanisms may include cervical mucus changes that inhibit sperm penetration and endometrial changes that redu Birth Control, Acne Oral Contraceptive PO ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Cigarette Smoking Contraindicated: Women > 35 y/o who smoke -estr-
Duloxetine Cymbalta • Called SSNRIs and SNRIs - block the receptors involved in the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. This leaves more of the chemicals available for continued use by the brain. • Strong inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin a Depression Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SSNRI) Antidepressant PO ADR: CNS. GI Black Box: Suicidal Thoughts -oxetine
Ranitidine Zantac • Competes with histamine in attaching to H2 -receptor sites on gastric parietal cells. • By blocking histamine attachment the medication inhibits gastric acid secretion, volume, and concentration. Peptic Ulcers, GERD Histamine H2 Blockers PO ADR: CV, CNS -tidine
Venlafaxine Effexor • Called SSNRIs and SNRIs - block the receptors involved in the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. This leaves more of the chemicals available for continued use by the brain. • Strong inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin a Depression Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SSNRI) Antidepressant PO ADR: CNS, Dermatologic Black Box: Suicidal Thoughts Contraindications: Glaucoma, Recent MAOI medications -ine*
Fluticasone + Salmeterol Advair Diskus, Seretide Accuhaler • Combination steroid and bronchodilator • Corticostereoids prevent the production of proteins that are used in the formation of prostaglandins & leukotrienes (chemicals involved in the inflammatory response). • Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists stimulat Asthma, COPD Corticosteroid + Beta-2 Agonist (Bronchodilator) Inhaled ADR: CNS, Respiratory -one (corticosteroid) -terol (bronchodilator)
Oxycodone OxyContin, Roxicodone • Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways • Alters the perception of and response to pain • Produces generalized CNS depression Moderate to Severe Pain Opiod Analgesic PO ADR: CNS, Dermatologic none Schedule II
Azithromycin Zithromax, Z-Pak, Azasite • Prevents the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes which prevents bacterial reproduction. • Used mostly for pulmonary infections • Short course of treatment compared to other antibiotics Bacterial Infections Antibiotic (Macrolide) PO ADR: GI, Loose Stools -mycin
Amphetamine Adzenys ER, Dyanavel XR • Promote the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from their storage sites in nerve endings. • They also block the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Leaving more of these neurotransmitters available for use. • In individuals with ADHD the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) CNS Stimulant PO ADR: GI, Respiratory none Schedule II
Lorazepam Ativan • Produces a calming effect that ranges from mild sedation to coma by enhancing the effects of neurotransmitter GammaAminobutyric Acid-ergic (GABA - a calming chemical) in the brain. • GABA inhibits neuron excitability producing a calming effect f Seizures, Anxiety Disorder Benzodiazepine, Anticonvulsant Intramuscularly ADR: CV, CNS -zepam
Allopurinol Zyloprim, Lopurin • Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of: hypoxanthine  xanthine  uric acid • Allopurinol is metabolized to oxypurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) and reduces the production of uric acid • Less uric acid product Gout, Kidney Stones Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor PO ADR: Dermatologic, Endocrine none
Paroxetine Paxil • SSRIs block the receptors involved in the reuptake of neurotransmitter serotonin. This leaves more of the chemical available for continued use by the brain. • Serotonin – acts as a “feel good chemical.” Regulates emotional responses and mood. Depression Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) PO ADR: CNS, Endocrine Black Box: Suicidal Thoughts -oxetine
Methylphenidate Ritalin, Concerta • Mild CNS stimulant that blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine • In individuals with ADHD the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine are prematurely reabsorbed. This rapid reuptake prevents the chemical messag Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Narcolepsy CNS Stimulant PO ADR: CNS, GI none Schedule II
Estradiol Estrace, Estrogel, Femtrace • Estradiol is the primary form human estrogen secreted prior to menopause. • Mimics human estrogen in individuals with low levels of estrogen due to endocrine insufficiency and/or menopause. • Estrogen regulates the secretion of: (1)gonadotropin (2 Low estrogen levels, Menopause symptoms Estrogen PO, Gels, Creams, Transdermal Patch ADR: CNS, Endocrine Black Box: Endometrial CA, Breast CA, Ovarian CA, Stroke, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Dementia -estr- ***Package Insert REQUIRED***
Hydrochlorothiazide + Losartan Potassium Hyzaar • Thiazide diuretic that lowers blood pressure by increasing urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and H20. • Less fluid & electrolytes within the circulatory system = less pressure on the walls of blood vessels = lower BP • Have a longer duration than loo Hypertension Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) + Thiazide Diuretic PO ADR: CNS, Neuromuscular Black Box: Pregnancy -thiazide (Diuretic) -sartan (ARB)
Created by: aaishat
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