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Male Repro Physio

Male Reproductive Physiology

TermMeaning
Interstitial cells within the testes are the site of testosterone production (aka Leydig cells)
Leydig cells / interstitial cells secrete testosterone from stimulation of LH from the anterior pituitary. These cells lie in the soft connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules
Testosterone a steroid sex hormone that is responsible for the growth and development of masculine characteristics and enhances sperm development in the seminiferous tubules
Effects of testosterone 1)stim descent of testes before birth, 2)controls growth and dev of male sex organs, 3)stim bone growth and protein anabolism, 4) stim development of male secondary sex characteristics (more muscle, deep voice, narrow hips, etc)
Seminiferous tubules located within the testes is the site of sperm production
Spermatogenesis the production of sperm cells within the seminiferous tubules is by a special type of cell division called meiosis, stimulated by FSH; produces 4 spermatozoa (sperm cells)
Stages of Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium, spermatocytes (primary then secondary), spermatid, spermatozoan
Spermatogonium are located in the seminiferous tubules and contains 46 chromosomes (diploid)
Primary spermatocyte produced from spermatogonium, it divides into two (2) secondary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocyte produced from primary spermatocytes, it divides into four (4) spermatids
Spermatid produced from secondary spermatocytes, it has 23 chromosomes but needs to undergo spermiogenesis to mature it further (haploid)
Spermatozoan a sperm cell that contains 23 chromosomes; it has a head (contains the nucleus and a helmet-like acrosome), a midpiece (contains mitochondria, for ATP), and a tail (flagellum) for locomotion
Sertoli cells / Sustentacular cells located between the developing sperm in the seminiferous tubules are stimulated by FSH to begin spermatogenesis and inhibin secretion
Inhibin exerts a negative feedback to hypothalamus adjust FSH secretion. If inhibin level is high, the hypothalamus lowers sperm production by reducing FSH, if level is low, the hypothalamus increases sperm production by increasing FSH
Sertoli cell function 1)forms “blood testes barrier” to protect sperm from recognition by B and T cells, 2) protect and nourish developing sperm, 3)secrete inhibin, to inhibit the release of FSH by the anterior pituitary to control rate of spermatogenesis
FSH Hormone that promotes sperm production
LH or ICSH (interstitial cell secreting hormone Hormone that promotes testosterone production. LH binds to the interstitial cells and stimulates them to secrete testosterone.
Erection enlargement and stiffening of the penis results from engorgement of the erectile bodies with blood
Erection physiology sexual excitement triggers parasympathetic to release of nitric oxide locally, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle, causing these arterioles to dilate and fill the erectile bodies with blood. This expansion compreses drainage veins.
diploid contains 46 chromosomes; has two copies of each chromosome
haploid contains 23 chromosomes
acrosome contains hydrolytic enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate and enter an egg
Factors that can suppress sperm formation common antibiotics such as tetracycline, radiation, lead, certain pesticides, marijuana, and excessive alcohol
Variocele a condition that hinders drainage of the testicular vein, results in an elevated temperature in the scrotum that interferes with normal sperm development
Meiosis reduction division; 46 chromosomes divide into 23 chromosomes; occurs only in certain reproductive organs
Mitosis process during which the chromosomes divide into two daughter nuclei; nuclear division; Consists of prophase metaphase, anaphase and telphase.
Inhibin production a protein hormone produced by the Sertoli cells regulates the rate of spermatogenesis
Testicular hormones testosterone and inhibin; exert a negative feedback control on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
GnRH Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls the release of the anterior pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH
Created by: Dennis
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