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Chemistry Unit 3
Unit 3: Atomic Structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ernest Rutherford | 1911: English physicist, Ernest Rutherford, conducts famous Gold Foil Experiment - Determines atom is comprised of a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons moving through empty space |
| Electron | Location: outside nucleus. Relative Charge: -1. Mass: 9.19 x 10^-28 g. Relative Mass: 0 amu. |
| Protons | Location: inside nucleus. Relative Charge: +1. Mass: 1.6726 x 10^-24 g. Relative Mass: 1 amu. |
| Neutron | Location: inside nucleus. Relative Charge: 0. Mass: 1.6749 x 10^-24 g. Relative Mass: 1 amu. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom; determines identity of atom. |
| Mass Number | Protons + neutrons in an atom's nucleus. Number is not found on Periodic Table. Always a whole number. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons (2 ways to symbolize an isotope) |
| Nuclear Symbol | X = element symbol A = Mass number Z = atomic number AZX |
| Another way of symbolizing an isotope | X - A X = element symbol A = Mass number |
| Average Atomic Mass | weighted average of atomic masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| Avogadro's Number | represents the number of atoms in a sample of an element with a mass numerically equivalent to its average atomic mass - 6.022 x 10^23 |
| Mole | 6.022 x 10^23 (abbreviated as mol) |
| Molar Mass | The mass of 1 mole of a molecule or compound (units of g/mol) |
| Percent Composition Formula | % Composition = (part/whole) x 100 individual percents should approximately equal 100 |
| Empirical Formula | The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound (think “mole ratio” when you hear/see “empirical formula”) |
| Empirical Formula From Percent Composition | Assume you have a 100 gram sample with these types of problem (same thing as changing the % symbol to a gram symbol) |
| Molecular Formula | A formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound |
| Hydrate | An ionic compound that has a specific number of bonded water molecules as part of its crystal structure |
| Anhydrous | The resulting de-hydrated compound is said to be anhydrous. Anhydrous compounds are often utilized as desiccants |
| Desiccant | A substance that will attract and absorb water from the atmosphere (EX: silica gel packets) |
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