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PEDS EXAM #1
Fine & Gross Motor Skills, Language, & Developmental Delays
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gross Motor Skills - 1 Month | Lifts and turns head to side in prone position. Head lag when pulled to sit. Rounded back in sitting |
| Gross Motor Skills - 2 Months | Raises head and chest, holds position. Head control is improving |
| Gross Motor Skills - 3 Months | Raises head to 45 degrees in prone. Slight head lag in pull-to-sit |
| Gross Motor Skills - 4 Months | Lifts head and looks around. Rolls from prone to supine. Head leads body when pulled to sit |
| Gross Motor Skills - 5 Months | Rolls from supine to prone and back again. Sits with back upright when supported |
| Gross Motor Skills - 6 Months | Tripod sits |
| Gross Motor Skills - 7 Months | Sits alone with some use of hands for support |
| Gross Motor Skills - 8 Months | Sits unsupported |
| Gross Motor Skills - 9 Months | Crawls, abdomen off floor |
| Gross Motor Skills - 10 Months | Pulls to stand. Cruises |
| Gross Motor Skills - 12 Months | Sits from standing position. Walks independently |
| Fine Motor Skills - 1 Month | Fists mostly clenched, involuntary hand movements |
| Fine Motor Skills - 3 Months | Holds hand in front of face, hands open |
| Fine Motor Skills - 4 Months | Bats at objects |
| Fine Motor Skills - 5 Months | Grasps rattle |
| Fine Motor Skills - 6 Months | Releases object in hand to take another |
| Fine Motor Skills - 7 Months | Transfers object from one hand to the other |
| Fine Motor Skills - 8 Months | Gross pincer grasp (rakes) |
| Fine Motor Skills - 9 Months | Bangs objects together |
| Fine Motor Skills - 10 Months | Fine pincer grasp. Puts object into contained and takes them out |
| Fine Motor Skills - 11 Months | Offers objects to others and releases them |
| Fine Motor Skills - 12 Months | Feeds self with cup and spoon. Makes simple mark on paper. Pokes with index finger |
| Warning Signs that May Indicate A Problem with Motor Development | Arms & legs stiff or floppy, child cannot support head at 3-4 months, child reaches with one hand only, cannot sit with assistance by 6 months, does not crawl by 12 months, cannot stand by 12 months |
| Warning Signs that May Indicate Problems with Sensory Development | Does not respond to loud noises, does not focus on near object. Does not start to make sounds or babble by four months of age, infant does not turn to locate sound at 4 months. Crosses eyes most of the time at age 6 months. |
| Warning Signs that May Indicate Problems in Language Development | Does not make sounds at 4 months, does not laugh or squeal by 6 months, does not babble by 8 months, does not use single words such as mama and dada with meaning at 12 months |
| Warning Signs of Possible Problems with Social/Emotional Development | Child does not smile at 3 months, refuses to cuddle, does not seem to enjoy people, child shows no interest in peek-a-boo at 8 months of age. |
| Gross Motor Skill Development 12-15 Months | Walks independently |
| Gross Motor Skill Development 18 Months | Climbs stairs with assistance, pulls toys while walking |
| Gross Motor Skill Development 24 Months | Runs, kicks ball, can stand on tiptoe, carries several toys, or a large toy while walking, climbs onto and down from furniture without assistance |
| Gross Motor Skill Development 36 Months | Climbs well, pedals tricycle, runs easily, walks up and down stairs with alternate feet, bends over easily without falling |
| Fine Motor Skill Development 12-15 Months | Feeds self-finger foods, uses index finger to point |
| Fine Motor Skill Development 18 Months | Masters reaching, grasping, and releasing. Stacks blocks, puts things in slots. Turns book pages (singly with board book, multiple if paper), removes shoes and socks, stacks four cubes |
| Fine Motor Skill Development 24 Months | Builds tower of six or seven cubes, right or left-handed, imitates circular and vertical strokes, scribbles and paints, starts to turn knobs, puts round pegs into holes |
| Fine Motor Skill Development 36 Months | Undress self, copies circle, builds tower of nine or ten cubes, holds a pencil in writing position, screws/unscrews lids, nuts, bolts, turns book pages one at a time. |
| Expected Gross Motor Skills at 3 years | Climbs well, pedals tricycle, runs easily, walks up and down stairs with alternate feet, bends over easily without falling |
| Expected Gross Motor Skills at 4 years | Throws ball overhand, kicks ball forward, catches bounced ball, hops on one foot, stands on one foot up to 5 seconds. Alternates feet going up and down steps, moves backward and forward agility |
| Expected Gross Motor Skills at 5 years | Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer. Swings and climbs wells, may skip, somersaults, may learn to skate and swim |
| Expected Fine Motor Skills at 3 years | Undresses self, copies circle, builds tower of 9-10 cubes. Holds a pencil in writing position. Screws/unscrews lids, nuts, bolts. Turns book pages one at a time |
| Expected Fine Motor Skills at 4 years | Uses scissors successfully. Copies capital letters. Draws circles and squares. Traces a cross of diamond, draws a person with two to four body parts. Laces shoes |
| Expected Fine Motor Skills at 5 years | Prints some letters, draws person with body and at least 6 body parts. Dresses/undresses without assistance. Can learn to tie laces. Uses fork, spoon, and knife (supervised) well. Copies triangle and other geometric patterns. Mostly cares for own toileting needs |
| Receptive Language Development 12 Months | Understands common words independent of context. Follows a one-step command accompanied by gesture |
| Receptive Language Development 15 Months | Looks at adult when communicating. Follows a one-step command without gesture. Understands 100-150 words |
| Receptive Language Development 18 Months | Understands the word no. Comprehends 200 words. Sometimes answers the question "what is this?" |
| Receptive Language Development 24 Months | Points to named body parts, points to pictures in books. Enjoys listening to simple stories, names a variety of objects in the environment. Begins to use "my" or "mine" |
| Receptive Language Development 30 Months | Follows a series of two independent commands |
| Receptive Language Development 36 Months | Understands most sentences. Understands physical relationships (on, in, under), participates in short conversations. May follow a three-part command |
| Expressive Language Development 12 Months | Uses a finger to point to things. Imitates or uses gestures such as waving goodbye. Communicates desires with word and gesture combinations. Vocal limitation. First word |
| Expressive Language Development 15 Months | Repeats words that they hear. Babbles in what sounds like sentences |
| Expressive Language Development 18 Months | Uses at least 5-20 words. Uses names of familiar objects |
| Expressive Language Development 24 Months | Vocabulary of 40-50 words. Sentences of two or three words ("me up"), Asks questions (what's that?), uses simple phrases, uses descriptive words (hungry, hot), two thirds of what the child says should be understandable. Repeats overheard words |
| Expressive Language Development 30 Months | Vocabulary of 150-300 words |
| Expressive Language Development 36 Months | Speech is usually understood by those who know the child, about half is understood by those outside the family. Asks "why?", three to four word sentences, talks about something that happened in the past. Vocabularly of 1000 words. Can say name, age, gender. Uses pronouns and plurals |
| Toddler Development Delay (Walking) | After independently walking for several months and persistently tiptoes walking, failure to develop a mature walking pattern. |
| Development Delay by 18 Months | Not walking, not speaking 15 words, does not understand function of common household items |
| Development Delay by 2 years | Does not use two-word sentences. Does not imitate actions. Does not follow basic instructions. Cannot push a toy with wheels |
| Development Delay by 3 years | Difficulty with stairs, frequent falling. Cannot build tower more than 4 blocks. Difficulty manipulating small objects. Extreme difficulty in separation from parent or caregiver. Cannot copy a circle. Does not engage in make-believe play. Cannot communicate in short phrases. Does not understand simple instructions. Little interest in other children. Unclear speech, persistent drooling |
| Communication Abilities 4 Years | Speaks in complete sentences, using adult-like grammar, tells stories that are easy to follow, 75% of speech is understood by those outside of family, asks questions such as "who, how, how many" Stays on topic during concepts, asks many questions, knowns names of familiar animals. Names common objects in books and magazines, knows at least one color, uses language to engage in make-believe, follows a three part command, can count a few numbers, vocabulary of around 1500 words |
| Communication Abilities 5 Years | People outside of the family can understand most of what the child says. Explains how an item is used. Participates in long, detailed conversations. Talks about past, future, and imaginary events. Answers questions such as why and when. Can count to ten, recall part of a story, speech is generally grammatically correct and completely intelligible. Vocabulary of 2100 words. Says name and address |
| Signs of Developmental Delay 4 Years | Cannot jump in place or ride a tricycle, stack 4 blocks, cannot throw ball overhand, does not grasp crayon with thumb and fingers, has difficulty with scribbling, cannot copy a circle, does not use sentences with three or more words. Cannot use the words me and you appropriately. Ignores other children or does not show interest in interactive games. Will not respond to people outside of the family. Resists using the toilet, dressing, sleeping. Still clings if parents leave. Does not engage in fantasy play |
| Signs of Developmental Delay 5 Years | Is unhappy or sad often. Has little interest in playing with other children. Is unable to separate from parent without major protest. Is extremely aggressive. Is extremely fearful or timid, or unusually passive. Cannot build tower of six to eight blocks. Is easily distracted, cannot concentrate on single activity for 5 minutes. Rarely engages in fantasy play. Has trouble with eating, sleeping, using toilet. Cannot use plurals or past tense. Cannot brush teeth, wash and dry hands, or undress efficiently |
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