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N370-03: Cardiac II
Disease/Patho pt. 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| SA node; AV node | _______ is the primary pacemaker of the heart (60-100bpm); if it fails, ______ is the back-up (40-60 only) |
| P-wave | In the EKG, _____ measures atrial depolarization/contraction |
| QRS; atrial | In the EKG, _____ measures ventricular depolarization/contraction. + this where _____ repolarization happens too but QRS overpowers them so we don't see it. |
| T-wave | In the EKG, _____ measures ventricular repolarization/rest. |
| U-wave; hypokalemia | In the EKG, _____ measures final repolarization; not always seen but prominent in electrolyte imbalance (esp _______) |
| First degree (far but even interval of P and R with QRS present) | If the R is far from P, then you have a __________. |
| 2nd degree, type 1 (uneven interval - P moves farther and farther from QRS until QRS disappears from one of the Ps) | Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a WENCKEBACH (__________) |
| Mobitz II - 2nd degree, type 2 (even interval but QRS eventually disappears from a P-wave) | If some P's don't get through, then you have ________. |
| 3rd degree - complete heart block | If P's and Q's don't agree, then you have a _______. |
| Failure to sense; failure to pace; failure to capture | 3 things can happen to pacemakers on EKG: ______ (see spike after or before T wave), _____ (there are missing spikes), ______ (no myocardial depolarization despite pacemaker (spike but no waves) |
| True | T or F: Always troubleshoot pacemakers! |
| Atrial fibrillation; Atrial flutter | _______ is the quivering of the atria, the blood is not effectively pumped out so it stays in the atria, stasis commonly leads to blood clots.; almost similar to ______ except A-fib is irregularly regular while the other one is regular. |
| Prolonged PR interval & ST depression | Digitalis (Digoxin) on EKG. |
| Tall, peaked T waves; widened QRS complexes (hyper = peaking) | Hyperkalemia on EKG. |
| Flattened T waves, prominent U waves (tired = no peaks) | Hypokalemia on EKG. |
| Shortened QT interval (too excited = fast = short intervals) | Hypercalcemia on EKG. |
| Prolonged QT interval (lazy = slow = long intervals) | Hypocalcemia on EKG. |
| Defibrillation; Cardioversion | _______ affects ventricles (for vfib or vtach); high energy; it's a NON-SYNCHRONIZED electrical shock for PULSELESS VTACH, no rhythm NO shock; while _____ affects atria (afib/aflutter); low energy; SYNCHRONIZED electrical shock, VTACH WITH A PULSE |
| Non-ST segment elevation (Unstable angina - no biomarkers release), Non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) | What are three kinds of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)? |
| ACS | _______ is initiated by rupture of plaque in a coronary artery. Plaque disrupts activities (circulation) → Platelet adhesion, fibrin formation → coronary thrombosis → ischemia → necrosis → MI |
| It does not present the same. Often does not have the cardinal sign of chest pain. Maybe back pain. This causes a delay in treatment which can lead to death. | Why si MI under-detected in women? |
| Ischemia/Angina; AMI; old MI | Tissue damage indication: T-wave inversion = _______; T-wave elevation = _______; Q-wave depression = ________. |
Created by:
yortiz
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