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N370-03: Cardiac I
Signs & Symptoms pt. 1
| Dx | Manifestations/Causes |
|---|---|
| Endocarditis | ______ is a type of heart infection that manifests with high fever, chills, night sweats, systemic emboli, inc WBC, OSLER'S NODULES, JANEWAY'S LESIONS, ROTH'S SPOTS, AND PETECHIAE (skin/hand s/sx). |
| Cardiac Tamponade | _______ may begin with pt reporting SOB, chest tightness, dizziness and BP assessment will reveal PULSUS PARADOXUS (a drop of 10mmHg or more in SBP upon inspiration) while DBP remains stable + BECK'S TRIAD |
| Distant (muffled) heart sounds, Distended JVD w/ clear lung sounds, Decreased BP/arterial (hypotension) | BECK'S TRIAD (hallmark sx of tamponade) is: 3 D's ______________. |
| Pericarditis | _____ is a type of heart inflammation that manifests w/ chest pain (substernal that radiates with inspiration, cough, swallowing), PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB upon ausc, pain improved when sitting up and leaning forward, fever, inc WBC, pulsus p if TAMPONADE |
| Myocarditis | ______ is a type of heart infection/inflammation that manifests with dysrhythmias d/t damage to conduction system, inc biomarkers, fever, inc WBC (>11k), HF!!! symptoms if applicable |
| Cardiomyopathy | Although myocarditis is also r/t HF, this type of heart abnormality manifests more similarly to L or R sided HF d/t its pumping/filling issues; could also manifest bradycardia d/t its possible restrictive nature. |
| Ischemic heart disease/MI | The MOST common cause of HF is _______. |
| 1 | Class __ of HF has NO s/sx and no physical limitations and only change may be lab values such as elevated BNP (less severe) |
| 2 | Class __ of HF has SLIGHT limitations with ordinary activities. |
| 3 | Class ___ of HF has MARKED limitations with less than ordinary activities. |
| 4 | Class __ of HF has SEVERE limitations with s/sx of HF AT REST (crackles, impaired gas exchange, etc) |
| Diuretic-related, dyspnea, crackles, fatigue, weakness, chest pain, peripheral edema, impaired cognition d/t dec O2 to brain, fall risk, trouble sleeping d/t orthopnea (elevate HOB so gravity can help), weight loss/gain r/t diuretics tx, fear/depression | What are the CLASSIC s/sx of HF? |
| OVERLOAD: Orthopnea, Ventricular failure, Enlarged heart, Reported weight gain d/t FVO, Lung congestion d/t backflow, Output dec d/t dec C.O. & perfusion to kidneys, Apprehension, Dependent Edema (so dangle legs for fluid to pool in LE and relieve lungs) | What is the heart failure s/sx mnemonic? Explain. |
| PULMONARY CONGESTION (pink frothy sputum) and Decreased C.O. (peripheral sx takes the hit first then central) | What are the 2 main s/sx concerns for L HF? *check Monique's SI notes!* |
| BACK-UP OF BLOOD TO SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION and Decreased perfusion to the lungs/Decreased oxygenated O2 | What are the 2 main s/sx concerns for R HF? *check Monique's SI notes!* |
| Fluid overload - wet profile (dec activity tolerance, S3/S4, dyspnea on exertion, nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, nocturia, edema/weight gain, cough worsens at night d/t orthopnea, N/V/A, RUQ pain d/t hepatomegaly); Low cardiac output - dry profile | _______ is the most common cause of HF hospitalizations compared to ______. |
| Digoxin toxicity; renal function | During _______, Mg and K dec, Ca and Na inc, inverted T wave, VISUAL DISTURBANCES (YELLOW HALO); dec _____ increases risk for toxicity (Cr > 1.3) |
Created by:
yortiz
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