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IPC CHEMISTRY
chemistry words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| buoyancy | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid (physical property) |
| density | the heaviness of a substance. (physical property). the amount of matter (stuff) in a volume (space/area) |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| melt | a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| boil | a liquid becomes a gas |
| freeze | a liquid becomes a solid |
| condense | a gas becomes a liquid |
| viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flowing; how thick a fluid is. (physical property) |
| thermal expansion | when molecules spread apart due to an increase of heat. the Kinetic Molecular theory explains that this is because the molecules are moving faster and pushing apart |
| temperature | a measure of heat. the Kinetic Molecular theory explains that this is actually a measure of the movement of molecules |
| definite shape | has it's own shape (solid) - solids |
| indefinite shape | takes the shape of the container (fluid) - liquids and gases |
| definite volume | has it's own volume - solids and liquids |
| indefinite volume | fills the full volume of the container - gases |
| solid | matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume (slower molecules/atoms and more dense) |
| liquid | matter that has an indefinite shape but a definite volume (middle speed molecules/atoms / middle density) |
| gas | matter that has an idefinite shape and an indefinite volume (fastest molecules/atoms / least dense) |
| kinetic molecular theory | the idea that molecules/atoms are always moving. adding energy speeds up the molecules/atoms. removing energy slows down the molecules/atoms |
| mass | amount of physical "stuff" (molecules/atoms) - measured using grams |
| volume | size of an object (the amount of space it takes up) - can be measured in liters or HxWxL |
| balance | a tool to measure mass |
| graduated cylinder | a tool to measure volume |
| property | "what you own" - the things that are true about a substance |
| matter | anything that has mass AND volume. made of atoms. this is what Chemistry studies |
| physcial property | a property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the atomic identity of the matter - things like color, mass, volume, density, hardness, viscosity, buoyancy |
| chemical property | a property of matter that is observed only when a chemical change occurs (the atomic identity of the matter is changed) - it explains what the matter can do - things like flammability (will it burn), corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity |
| atom | aka ELEMENT. the smallest bit of matter that acts like matter. made of protons and neutrons (nucleus) and electrons (around the nucleus) |
| subatomic particle | the three parts that make an atom |
| proton | subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. each: has 1 positive charge (+), weighs 1 |
| neutron | subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. each: has no charge ("neutral"), weighs 1 |
| electron | subatomic particle found orbiting around the nucleus. each: has 1 negative charge (-) , weighs 0 (so little) |
| state of matter | the way the atoms of a substance are arranged: stacked tight (solid), close but able to move around (liquid), moving freely and fast (gas) |
| atomic mass | how much an atom weighs: number of protons + number of neutrons |
| isotope | the actual atomic mass of a certain element. for an isotope, write the element, a dash, and then the mass (like "oxygen-18") ... it is ok to use the element symbol (like O-18) |
| charge | the sum of the positive and negative of a subatomic particle, atom or ion |
| ion | an atom that has more positive than negative charges (a positive ion also a cation) OR less positive than negative charges (a negative ion also an anion). the sum of the positive and negative charges of an atom (an oxygen ion is (8+) + (10-) = -2) |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. each element has a specific atomic number (the atomic number of oxygen is 8) |
| element symbol | an abbreviation of the name of an element (the element symbol for oxygen is O) |
| element | aka ATOM. the smallest bit of that stuff that still acts like that stuff |
| valence electron | the electons in the outermost shell of an atom. they are what allow (take part in) or reject (repell) a chemical reaction |
| metal | element that lose valence electrons. good conductors, high density, high melting point (usually solid at room temperature). ON the LEFT on the PERIODIC TABLE |
| non-metal | element that take valence electrons. bad/poor conductors, brittle. ON the RIGHT on the PERIODIC TABLE |
| (Lewis) dot diagram | a drawing of an atom showing the element symbol and it's valence electrons |
| Periodic Table | the special list of all elements. listed by atomic number the PREIODIC TABLE is actually a grid: atoms in the same group have the same number of valence electrons / atoms in the same period have the same number of electron shells |
| compound | a molecule (two or more connected atoms) with TWO or more different elements. chemically different than the atoms that make it |
| molecule | two or more connected atoms |
| anion | negative ion (more electrons than protons). non-metals form anions by taking electrons from metals |
| cation | positive ion (more protons than electrons). metals form cations by giving electrons to non-metals |
| physcial change | a change that occurs to a substance that DOES NOT change the molecules that make the substance |
| chemical change | aka a CHEMICAL REACTION. chemical changes happen when two or more molecules interact and the molecules change. the atoms from the old molucles mix to make new molecules |
| fusion | two Hydrogen atoms combine to make one Helium atom and energy |
| fission | one Uranium atom splits into two smaller atoms, three neutrons, and energy |
Created by:
wcmikesell
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