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HumanGeography-Unit3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acculturation | Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture |
| Assimilation | The process in which a minority group or culture comes to assemble the dominant cultures, values, behaviors, and beliefs |
| Centrifugal Force | Forces that pull people apart |
| Centripetal Force | Forces that bring people together |
| Colonialism | Control by one power over a dependent area of people: occurs when one nation subjugates another, conquering its population and exploiting it, often while forcing its own language and cultural values upon its people |
| Contagious Diffusion | The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person |
| Creolized Language | Language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| Cultural Convergence | The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structure in a modern would united by improved transportation and communication |
| Cultural Divergence | The likelihood or tendency for culture to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time |
| Cultural Hearth | Heartland source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture |
| Cultural Landscape | The artificial landscape; the visible human imprint on the land |
| Cultural Relativism | The idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture , rather than being judged by the criteria of another |
| Culture | A total way of life held in common by a group of people, including such learned features as speech, behavior, and government; or the local, customary way of doing things- a way of life; an ever-changing process in which a group is actively engaged |
| Culture Trait | A single element of normal practice in a culture |
| Ethnic Neighborhood | A voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice |
| Ethnic Religion | A religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group; does not typically seek to converts |
| Ethnicity | Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture |
| Ethnocentrism | The attitude that one's own race and culture are superior to others |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of culture traits from one place to another through direct or indirect contact and exchange of information- diffusion increases as # of people or cultural groups practicing the trait: leaves the trait intact or intensified in its area of origin |
| Globalization | A reference to the increasing interconnection of all parts of the world as the full range of social, cultural, political, and economic process becomes international in scale and effect |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node authority or power to other persons or places; spread of culture from one important place/large area to another important/large area |
| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force |
| Indigenous Religions | Belief systems and philosophies practices and traditionally passed from generation to generation among people within an indigenous tribe or group |
| Language Dialect | A distinctive local or regional variant of a language that remains mutually intelligible to speakers of other dialects of that language; a subtype of a language |
| Lingua Franca | An existing, well- established language of communication and commerce used widely where it is not a mother tongue. |
| Linguistic Geography | The study of spatial distribution of languages including the study of language groups and families, dialects, creoles, and pidgins |
| Multiculturalism | The presence of, or the support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society |
| Pidgin | A language derived, with reduced vocabulary and simplified structure; not a native tongue, it is a cultural syncretism used for limited communication among people with different languages, in situations such as trade |
| Placelessness | The loss of locally distinctive characteristics and identity and replacement by standardized landscapes |
| Placemaking | A people-centered approach to the planning, design, and management of public spaces |
| Postmodern Architecture | An architectural style that emerged in the late-1960s; began to incorporate stylistic references that were often playful and symbolic; applying elements and structural forms from classical architecture to modern designs |
| Relocation Diffusion | The transport of ideas. behaviors, or articles from one place to another through the migration of those possessing the feature transported |
| Sense of Place | An overarching impression encompassing the general ways in which people feel about places, senses it, and assign concepts and values to it |
| Sequent Occupancy | Successive habitation of same area over time; builds layer after layer in the region |
| Stimulus Diffusion | A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |
| Syncretism | The development of a new form of culture trait by the fusion of two or more distinct cultural traits; the combining of element of two groups into a a new culture feature |
| Time-Space Convergence | The greatly accelerated movements of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations in transportation and communication |
| Toponym | Place name |
| Universalizing Region | Religions that attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just those of one culture or location |
| Language Family | A group of related languages derived from a common ancestor |
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