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Glossary of Construc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABUT | To join the ends of construction members. |
| ADOBE CONSTRUCTION | Construction using sun-dried units of adobe souk for walls; usually found in southwestern United States. |
| A-FRAME | Structural system utilizing members that when fastened together resemble the letter A. |
| AGGREGATE | Gravel (coarse) or sand (fine) used in concrete mixes. |
| ANCHOR BOLT | A threaded bolt anchored in the masonry foundation to fasten a wood sill plate |
| APRON | Inside window trim placed under the stool and against the wall. |
| ARCH | A curved structure that supports itself and spans an opening. |
| AREAWAY | Recessed area below grade around the foundation to allow light and ventilation into a basement window. |
| ARRIS | Sharp edge formed by tw osurafaces; usaully on moldings |
| ASBESTOS BOARD | Fire-resistant sheet made from asbestos fiber and portland cemet. |
| ASHLAR | Masonry utilizing cut, squared stone. |
| ASPHALT | Dark, thick by-product of petrocarbon that is used for roof shingles and road surfaces when mixed with mineral particles. |
| ASTRAGAL | T-profiled molding usually used between meeting doors or casement windows. |
| ATRIUM | An open court within a building. |
| ATTIC | Interior part of gable house that is directly under the roof. |
| AWNING | Rooflike shelter extending from above windows or doors, usually made of canvas or other materials. |
| AXIS | Line around which something rotates or is symmetrically arranged. |
| BACKFILL | Earth used to fill in areas around foundation walls. |
| BANISTER | A handrail for stairs. |
| BASE CABINETS | The lower cabinets in kitchens that support the countertops. |
| BARGEBOARD | Finish board covering the projecting and sloping portion of a gable roof. |
| BASEBOARD | Finish board covering the interior wall where the wall and floor meet. |
| BATT | A type of fiberglass insulation designed to be installed between framing members. |
| BATTEN | Narrow strip of wood nailed over the vertical joint of boards to form board-and-batten siding. |
| BATTER BOARDS | Horizontal boards at exact elevations nailed to posts just outside the corners of a proposed building. Strings are stretched across the boards to locate the outline of the foundation for workers. |
| BAY WINDOW | A group of windows extending from an outside wall to form an alcove within. |
| BEAM | Horizontal structural member, usually heavier than a joist. |
| BEAMED CEILING | A ceiling that is supported by exposed beams. |
| BEARING PLATE | Metal plate that provides support for a structural member. |
| BEARING WALL | A wall that supports structural weight, such as the roof above. |
| BENCH MARK | Mark on some permanent object fixed to the ground from which land measurements and elevations are taken. |
| BIDET | Low plumbing fixture in luxury bathrooms for bathing one's private parts. |
| BIRD'S MOUTH | A notch cut into a rafter to provide horizontal bearing on the top plate |
| BLIND NAILING | Method of nailing that will conceal nails, usually used on strip flooring and wood panelling. |
| BLOCKING | Small wood pieces in wood framing to anchor or support other major members. |
| BOARD MEASURE | System of lumber measurement. The unit is 1 bd ft, which is 1 ft square by approximately 1 in. thick. |
| BOND | Arrangement of masonry units in a wall. |
| BOND BEAM | Continuous, reinforced concrete block course around the top of masonry walls. |
| BRACING | Support members n framing that are used to make the major structural members more rigid. |
| BRICK | Small masonry units made from clay and baked in a kiln. |
| BRIDGING | Cross bracing or solid blocking between joists to stiffen floor framing. |
| BUILDING LINE | Setback restrictions on property, established by zoning ordinances, beyond which a building must be placed. |
| BUILT-UP ROOF | Roofing for low-slope roofs composed of several layers of felt and hot asphalt or coal tar, usually covered with small aggreate. |
| BULLNOSE | Rounded cabinet trim or ceramic tile edge. |
| BUTT | Type of hinge allowing edge of door to butt into the jamb; a joint that fastens members end to end. |
| BUTTRESS | Vertical masonry or concrete support, usually larger at the base, which projects from a wall. |
| CALLOUT | Note on a drawing with a leader to the relating feature. |
| CANTILEVER | A projecting beam or structural member anchored at only one end. |
| CANT STRIP | Angular-shaped member used to eliminate a sharp, right angle, often used on flat roofs. |
| CASING | Trim around window and door openings. |
| CAULKING | Soft, elastic material used to seal small openings around doors, windows, and so on. |
| CAVITY WALL | Double masonry wall having an air space between the wythes. |
| CHAMFER | Beveled edge formed by removing the sharp corner of a material. |
| CHANCEL | Space, screen or railing about the altar of a church. |
| CHASE | Vertical space within a building for ducts, pipes, or wires. |
| CHORD | Top or bottom member of a truss. |
| CIRCUIT | Closed wiring or conductor through which an electric current can pass. |
| CLERESTORY | Windows that are above normal height-usually above a roof level. |
| COLLAR BEAM | Horizontal member tying opposing rafters below the roof ridge. |
| COLUMN | Vertical supporting member. |
| CONCRETE | Hardened mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water; one of our major building materials. |
| CONDUIT | Round, cross-section electrical raceway of metal or plastic. |
| CONTROL JOINT | Continuous, vertical joint in masonry walls to control cracking |
| COPING | Metal cap or masonry top course of a wall. |
| CORBEL | Projection of masonry from the face of a wall; a stepped coursing bracket to support weight above. |
| CORNICE | Molded projection of the roof overhand at the top of a wall. |
| COVE | Concave molding usually used on horizontal inside corners. |
| CRAWL SPACE | Shallow space below the floor of a building built above ground, general surrounded with a foundation wall. |
| CRICKET | Small gable-like roof structure used to divert water and debris from the intersection of a sloping roof and chimney; also called a saddle. |
| CRIPPLE | Structural member that is cut less than full length, such as a studding piece above a window or door. |
| CROWN MOLDING | Molding used above eye level; usually the upper trim on interior walls. |
| CUT STONE | Stone cut to given sizes and shapes. |
| DADO JOINT | Recessed joint on the face of a board t receive the end of a perpendicular board. |
| DAMPPROOFING | Material used to prevent passage of moisture. |
| DEAD LOAD | The weight of the structure and all the permanent installed components. |
| DECK | Exterior floor, usually extended from the outside wall. |
| DIMENSION LUMBER | Framing lumber that is 2- nominal thickness |
| DISTRIUBTION PANEL | Electrical unit that distributes the incoming current into smaller units |
| DOMESTIC HOT WATER | Potable (drinkable) hot water that is used for personal needs. |
| DOOR STOP | Projecting strip around the inside of a door frame against which the door closes. |
| DORMER | Top-floor projection of a room built out from a sloping roof to allow light and ventilation |
| DOUBLE GLAZING | Two panes of glass with air sealed between. |
| DOWNSPOUT | Pipe for carrying rainwater from the roof to the ground or storm drainage system; also called a leader. |
| DRESSED SIZE | Dimensions of lumber after planing: also known as finished or actual size. |
| DRIP | Projecting construction or grove below an exterior member to throw off rainwater. |
| DRY-WALL CONSTRUCTION | Interior wall covering other than plaster, usually referred to as gypsum board or wallboard. |
| DUPLEX OUTLET | Electrical wall outlet having two plug receptacles. |
| EASEMENT | A legal restriction on a piece of property. |
| EAVE | Lower portion of the roof that overhangs the walls. |
| EFFLORESCENE | Undesirable white stains on masonry walls created by moisture from within. |
| ELL | Extension or wing of a building at right angles to the main section. |
| EXCAVATION | Cavity or pit produced by digging the earth in preparation for construction. |
| EXPANSION JOINT | Flexible joint used to prevent cracking or breaking due to thermal expansion and contraction. |
| FACADE | Face or front elevation of a building. |
| FACE BRICK | Brick of better quality used on the face of a wall. |
| FASCIA | Outside horizontal face or member on the edge of a roof or cornice. |
| FASTENERS | General term for metal devices, such as nails, bolts, screws and so on, used to secure structural members within a building. |
| FENESTRATION | Arrangement and sizing of doors and windows in a building. |
| FIBERBOARD | Fabricated structural sheets made from wood fiber and adhesive under pressure. |
| FIRE CUT | Angular cut at the ends of joists framing into a masonry wall. |
| FIRE RATED | A rating given to building materials according to their resistance to fire. |
| FIRE-STOP | Tight closure material or blocking to prevent the spread of flame or hot gases within framing. |
| FLAGSTONE | Flat stone used for floors, terraces, steps, and walks. |
| FLASHIUNBG | Sheet-metal work used in roof or wall construction to prevent water from seeping into the building. |
| FLITCH BEAM | Built-up beam formed by steal plate sandwiched between two wood members and bolted together for additional strength. |
| FLUE | Vertical opening used to allow smoke and gasses to escape, such as within a chimney. |
| FOOTER | A term sometimes used for the concrete footing below the concrete foundation |
| FOOTING | Poured concrete base upon which foundation walls, columns, or chimneys rest; usually has steel reinforcing bars. |
| FRIEZE | Trim member below the cornice that is fastened against the wall. |
| FROST LINE | Depth of frost penetration in the ground; bottom of footings should always be blow this line. |
| FURRING STRIPS | Thin strips fastened to walls or ceilings for leveling and for attaching finish surface material. |
| GABLE | Triangular-shaped end wall of a gable-roof building. |
| GLAZING | Installation of glass in windows and doors. |
| GRADE | (1) Finished surface of ground around a building. (2) Refers to classification of the quality of lumber or plywood. |
| GRADIENT | Inclination of a road, piping, or the ground, example in prercent. |
| GRAVEL STOP | Strip of metal with a vertical lip used to retain the gravel around a built-up roof. |
| GROUNDS | Wood strips fastened to walls before plastering that serve as edges for the plaster and nailing base for wood trim. |
| GUESSET | Plywood or metal plate used to strengthen joints of a truss. |
| GUTTER | Metal or wood trough for carrying rainwater to downspouts |
| GYP BOARD | Gypsum sheets covered with paper that are fastened to walls and ceilings with nails or screws. |
| HALF-TIMBER | Exterior wall construction having wood frame members exposed and the spaces between filled stucco or masonry. |
| HANGER | Metal strap used to support the ends of joists or piping |
| HARDWARE | General term used for metal parts that are used with conventional components of a wood structure, such as hinges and knobs on wood doors. |
Created by:
ayamg46
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