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3.3 & 3.4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Lithosphere | The solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. |
Asthensosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move. |
Tectonic plate | A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. |
Deformation | The bending, titling, and breaking of Earth's crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress. |
Shear Stress | Causes material to twist or become distorted. |
Compression | It is a stress that squeezes or shortens material. |
Tension | Is a stress that lengthens a material or pulls a material apart. |
Convergent boundary | The boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding. |
Divergent boundary | The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. |
Transform boundary | The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally. |
Earthquake | A movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move. |
Focus | The location within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs. |
Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus. |
Tectonic plate boundary | The edge between two or more plates classified as divergent, convergent, or transform by the movement taking place between the plates. |
Fault | A break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another. |
Elastic rebound | The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape. |