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OMIS 34
quiz
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does MIS stand for? | management information systems |
What are the five components of an information system? | hardware, software, data, people, procedure |
What does the acronym IT stand for? | information technology |
What are the different components of IT? | hardware, software, data |
What is the difference between IS and IT? | IT can be bought but IS cannot; IS is composed of IT plus people and procedure |
What or how would you define data? | raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object |
Is data and information the same thing? | no, the difference is tht data is just the facts but information is processed data or data put in context |
What are the different types of data? | picture, audio, alphanumeric, video |
what are the components of the CPU? | the control unit and the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) |
What does the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) do? | portion of the CPU that performs mathematical calculations & makes logical comparisons |
What does the CPU do? | the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together |
What is the smallest unit of storage | a byte |
What does bit stand for? | Binary digit |
What are the two types of primary memory? | RAM - volatile ROM - nonvolatile |
What are the different forms of multiprocessing? | parallel processor and coprocessor |
What is the difference between parallel and coprocessor? | parallel processor: all the processors do the same job coprocessor: the CPU does the main job and a coprocessor does the secondary job and speeds up the process |
What are the two forms of accessing secondary storage? | sequential and direct |
What is difference between sequential and direct secondary storage? | in sequential storage, you can access the data only in the way that you stored it; in direct storage, the retrieval method does not depend on your storage method |
What are the the two most common forms of display monitors? | cathode-ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) |
What is the measurement unit of CPU? | Hertz |
What's your understanding of open source software? | refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify |
What are the two extreme ways of software development ? | Proprietary: writing a software for yourself Off-the-shelf: buy/download the software |
What is the difference between compiler and interpreter? | Compiler takes high level language then compile it to machine code then executes; interpreter decodes line by line (eg. html) |
Control unit | part of the CPU that sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, & coordinates the flow of data in & out of the ALU, the registers, primary storage, & even secondary storage & various output devices |
primary storage (memory) | main memory; consists of random access memory (RAM) and read-only(ROM), part of the computer that holds program instructions & data = RAM |
bit is | - 8 bits = 1 byte - bit is a binary digit -- 0 or 1 |
storage ranking | byte kilobyte megabyte gigabyte terabyte petabyte exabyte |
RAM | volatile: a form of memory in which instructions or data can be temporarily stored |
ROM | non-volatile |
What does the acronym DBMS stand for? | database management system |
Who is a DBA? | database administrator |
What is the smallest unit of storage? | byte |
Write down the hierarchy of data? | bit byte/character field record file database |
What is an entity? | a generalized class of people, places, things about which you store information |
What is an attribute? | a characteristic of an entity |
What is a primary key? | the unique identifier of an entity |
What is a foreign/secondary key? | when the primary key rests in the secondary table |
What are the different elements in an entity relationship diagram? | entities, attributes, data items, primary and foreign key |
What were the two big problems in the traditional approach that made us move to the database approach? | data redundancy and data integrity |
What is the language that the database understands? | Structured query language (SQL), international standard used by most popular DBMS |
DBMS operations | 1. read 2. insert 3. modify 4. delete |
database management system (DBMS) | a group of programs that manipulate the database, provide an interface between the database and the user, and other applications |
database admin (DBA) | a skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization's database |
3 elements of MIS | 1. management & use 2. information systems 3. strategies |
What is IS? | a group of components that interact to achieve some purpose |
What is IT made up of? | 1. products 2. methods 3. inventions 4. standards that are used for the purpose of producing information OR IT=hardware + software +data |
Information systems (IS) | an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures & people that produce information |
what are necessary characteristics of good data? | accurate, timely, relevant, sufficient, economical |
GNL | general public license: standard for open source software/ successful open source projects |
machine code | 010101010101010 |
closed source code | highly protected and only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors |
license | right to use specified number of copies/ limits vendor's liability |
what is the purpose of a database? | organize and keep track of things, and multiple themes; single theme = spreadsheet, multiple themes = database |
Three types of entity relationships | one-to-many one-to-one (recursive, most common) many-to-many (normalization) |
knowledge | the skills, experience and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources |
Internet of things | a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention |
big data | a collection of large complex datasets, incl structured and unstructured data which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools |
big data types | variety, veracity, volume, velocity |
what are the 6 major categories of hardware? | the central processing unit, input device, output device, storage device, communication device, and connecting device |
input device | pieces of equipment used to record information and commands |
output device | pieces of equipment that are used to view, hear, or otherwise receive the results of information processing requests |
secondary storage | refers to equipment designed to store huge amounts of data for lengthy periods of time |
communication devices | equipment used to send and receive information from one location to another |
different computer categories | 1.handheld 2.portable 3.thin client 4.desktop computer 6.workstation 7.server 8.mainframe computer 9.supercomputer |
two types of software | system and application software |
system software | controls how various technology tools work together with application software |
application software | used for specific information processing needs |
data can be inaccurate | it is created by humans and human error |
What can a business do to make sure data is correct? | "Garbage in, garbage out" - you should check over data and discard old data - let systems do more of the work |
Explain how bad data will impact information, business intelligence, and knowledge? | wrong data changes how information is interpreted and the information business intelligence uses will affect the knowledge people derive from the intelligence |
describe the six major categories of hardware | CPU, input device, output device, storage device, communication, and connecting |
example of system software | operating --windows software utility -- antivirus software |
examples of application software | word processing -- microsoft word spreadsheet -- microsoft excel |
What are the ways to distribute application software? | single user: restricts use to one user at a time network user: enables anyone on network to install site: enables qualified users to install regardless if computer is on network application: software paid on license basis, per-use basis, usage-based |
cloud computing | stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the Internet rather than on a personal computer or server |
characteristics of cloud computing | sold on demand, elastic, and service is managed byprovider |
1950s -- cloud computing | mainframe computers were seen as the future of computing now seen in academia and etc, accessible via thin clients |
1990s 2000s | telecommunications companies began offering VPN services w comparable quality of service but lower cost |
objective of cloud computing | allow users to take benefit of technologies without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them, cut costs and help users focus their core business |
what is the main enabling technology of cloud computing? | virtualization = separates a physical computing device into virtual devices, which can be easily used and managed to perform computing tasks |
3 Fundamental Cloud types: | IaaS (infrastructure as a service), PaaS (platform as a service), SaaS (software as a service) |
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) | providers of IaaS offer computers the hardware/infrastructure that is needed |
PaaS (Platform as a Service) | cloud providers deliver a computing platform |
SaaS | users are provided access to application software and databases |
cloud client | users can accessing cloud computing through tablets, smartphones, laptops |
private cloud | cloud infrastructure solely for a single organization whether managed internally or third party |
cloud deployment models | private, public, hybrid |
public cloud | when the services are rendered over a network that is open for public use |
hybrid cloud | a composition of two or more clouds distinct entities that are bound together |
3 tier structure cloud | 1. users of virtual services 2. tenants who provide services 3. provides who provide the infrastructure |
What is the key to gaining trust in cloud computing ? (security, privacy, trust) | assuring the user or tenant of security being applied and maintained in all components contributing to the virtual service |
the future of cloud computing | Main issues of cloud computing has been addressed |
When do cloud NOT make sense? | When dealing with sensitive information that people will not want to put in cloud like government entities |
transactional processing system | processes the detailed data necessary to update records about the basic business operations of the organization (eg. payroll, accounts payable, general ledger, inventory control) |
transaction processing methods | batch processing system online transaction processing |
batch processing system | transactions happen, accumulated altogether at a later time (eg. payroll) |
online transaction processing | when transactions have to be processed as soon as it happens (Eg. flight reservation systems) |
Transaction processing activities | 1. Data collection: collect the data 2. Data editing: separate out good vs. bad data 3. Data correction: take the bad data and revise it and replace it 4. Data manipulation: the good data is manipulated 5. Data storage: stored in the database |
decision making / Why is it useful/important? | strategic planning of the overall goals set for an organization, and helping employees and business units achieve their goals |
The first decision making model developed by Herbert Simon: intelligence, design, choice | True |
George Huber | Expanded the model to add implementation and monitoring, created the entire problem solving process |
Decision making is a component of problem solving, problem solving begins with decision making | True |
Problem solving process | Intelligence: identify the problems Design: consider alternative opportunities Choice: pick the design Implementing stage: implement design/choice Monitoring stage: review the situation and make necessary changes |
programmed decision | decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method |
non programmed decision | decisions that deals with unusual or exceptional situations |
Types of models/solutions | optimizing - single best solution satisficing - good enough solution may not be the best, second to best heuristic - commonly followed procedures |
MIS reports | scheduled, key indicator, demand, exception, and drill down |
scheduled report | a report that is run on schedule |
key indicator report | gets a report based on the key activities of the previous day and makes decision based on it for today |
demand report | a report that you run on demand |
exception report | an alert, inventory falls below x then you send a report |
drill down report | reports that have certain levels to it, as you go deeper it will contain more details |
Guidelines for developing MIS reports | tailor to user needs, useful, attention to content, set parameters carefully, timely, review periodically |
clickstream | collects the data containing the number of clicks a user has while browsing on a website |
adware | software that allows Internet advertisers to display ads without the consent of the computer user |
input devices | PC input device, voice-recognition devices, digital computer cameras, terminals, scanning devices, MICR devices, OCR devices, POS, ATM |
output devices | display monitors (CRT, LCD), printers, plotters, COM, music devices, multifunctional devices |
<!DOCTYPE html> | declares a document as being an HTML document |
<html> | defines the html code |
<head> | not seen on the website, includes <title> and any JavaScript or CSS <style> |
<style> | allows to style webpage by using CSS |
<title> | defines the title of what is displayed on the top of your browser when you visit a website |
<script> | defines JavaScript code |
<body> | encloses all visible content of a webpage |
<dl> | defines a definition list |
<link> | used to tie together HTML, CSS, and JavaScript |
<a href> | redirects back to an internal, external, or email link |
<br /> | defines a space in html |
<ul> | defines an unordered list with small bullets as default |
<ol> | defines an ordered list that will be marked with numbers by default |
<li> | defines a list term |
<dt> | defines a term in a definition list |
<dd> | describes the term in a definition list |
<tr> | defines a row in a table |
<td> | defines a cell in a table |
<table> | defines a table |