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Chem Ch 12 Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A Bond | A force that holds groups of two or more atoms together |
| Ionic bond | A bond resulting from closely packed, oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent bond | Where electrons are shared between both nuclei |
| Polar bond | Bonds that lie in between covalent and ionic bonds |
| Electronegativity | The relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. |
| The Polarity of a bond | The larger the difference, the more polar (ionic) the bond |
| Dipole moments | A molecule that has a center of negative and a center of positive charge is said to have a dipole moment |
| Lewis Structures | A way that chemists represent a molecule's valence electron arrangement |
| Hydrogen and Helium follow the Duet Rule: | They only need and want two electrons in their valence shells |
| All other atoms generally follow the Octet Rule: | They want 8 electrons in their valence shells -3,-2,-1,0 elements can have more than 8 electrons |
| Boron and Beryllium can have | less than 8 electrons |
| Formal Charge | the difference between the number of valence electrons on the free atom and the number of valence electrons assigned to the atoms in the molecule Atoms in molecules try to achieve formal charges as close to zero as possible |
| Bond order = | Bond order = # of bonding pairs in the molecule / # bonding groups |
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