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Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding Chemistry Questions and Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Chemical Bonding Holds atoms together in compounds, result from the sharing or transfer of valence electrons between pairs of atoms
Lewis Dot Structure Write element symbol Find number of valence electrons Put this many dots around symbol Pretend invisible box and dots can only go on sides of the box. They must be placed in square Dots must be on all four sides before they can pair up.
Octet Rule In forming compounds, atoms react to gain the electron configuration of a noble gas Most noble gases (other than Helium) have a full outer s and p orbital, which is a total of 8 electrons, so the goal is a full octet!
Cations Postive Ions
Anions Negative Ions
Group 1 Valence Electrons +1
Group 2 Valence Electrons +2
Group 3 Valence Electrons +3
Group 5 Valence Electrons -3
Group 6 Valence Electrons -2
Group 7 Valence Electrons -1
Ionic Bonding Transfer of electrons between atoms Compounds called Formula Units Form when METAL atom transfers electrons to NONMETAL atom Metal becomes CATION Nonmetal becomes ANION Ionic compounds Neutral
Properties of Ionic Compounds High Melting Point, Generally Soluble in Water, Good conductors of electricity
Ionic Crystals ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature, create crystal lattice, very org. arrangement of anions and cations
Metallic Bonding Metals are made of closely packed cations, not neutral atom
Metal Alloys Two or more metals can be mixed together to form alloys
Properties of Metallic Compounds Malleable (pounded into sheets) and ductile (pulled into wires), Good conductors of electricity
Covalent Bonding Electrons are shared Compounds are called molecules Formed between 2 nonmetals
Lewis Dots with covalent Still trying to get to that full valence shell or “happy” octet! Dots represent unshared electrons (called lone pairs) Lines represent a bond (two electrons being shared) Can only create lines by connecting two single electrons from different atoms
Single Bond Since only two electrons are being shared, this is known as a single bond
Double Bond A double covalent bond forms when two atoms share two pairs of electrons
Triple Bond A triple covalent bond forms when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
Properties of Covalent Compounds Can be gases, liquids, or solids Low melting and boiling points Poor conductors of electricity Most insoluble in water
Ionic Metal to Nonmetal Electrons Transfer From metal to nonmetal
Metallic Metals only "SEA OF ELECTRONS"
Covalent Nonmetals ONLY Shared pairs of electrons One from each atom
Created by: Sabrina_thecool
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