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Science Flashcards

Chemistry Unit Test Review

TermDefinition
Chemistry The study of the composition of matter, its properties and reactions.
Particle Theory 1. All matter is made up of particles. 2. Different substances contain different particles. 3. All particles are attracted to each other. 4. Particles are in constant motion. 5. When heated, particles move faster.
Mixture A mixture is a substance formed when two or more elements or compounds are physically combined. Contains two different types of matter.
Heterogeneous Mixture Does not look the same throughout.
Homogeneous Mixture Has a uniform appearance.
Pure Substance Contains only one type of matter.
Element An element is a pure substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical means to form simpler substances. Contains one type of atom.
Compound A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically. Contains two or more different kinds of atoms.
Independent Variable What you are changing in an experiment.
Dependent Variable Is affected by Independent Variable.
Control Variable Is a constant in an experiment.
Physical Property Is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another.
Physical Property Examples Volume, Mass, Weight, Size, Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Color, Hardness, Odour, Taste, State of Matter, Texture, Luster, Flexibility, Heat/Electrical Conductivity, Solubility, Shape, Viscosity, Ductility, Malleability.
Chemical Property Is a characteristic that cannot be observed unless the substance has changed.
Chemical Property Examples Ability to burn, ability to tarnish, ability to rust, ability to decompose, ability to react with other chemicals, instability, ability to do acid/base reactions.
Physical Change Is a change in a substance that does not change what the substance is.
Physical Change Examples Change in shape, Change in size, Melting, Boiling, Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing, Sublimation.
Physical Change Cause Grinding, Cutting, Crushing, Bending, Breaking, Heating, Cooling, Change in Phase, Squishing.
Chemical Change Is a change in which the substance is changed is changed into a different substance.
Chemical Change Examples Burning, Rusting, Tarnishing, Decomposing, Baking
Chemical Change Evidence A odor change, a color change, formation of a precipitate, gas is formed, difficult to reverse.
Chemical Family Is a group of elements with similar physical or chemical properties.
Chemical Families On Periodic Table Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases.
Periods Horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
Groups Vertical columns on the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar physical/chemical changes and number of valence electrons.
Atomic Number Determines the number of protons and electrons.
Atomic Mass Determines the number of neutrons when protons are subtracted from the mass.
Neutral Atoms When the atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.
Ions Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons and have an electrical charge.
aNion Is formed when the atom can gain electrons. Is usually non-metals.
caTion Is formed when the atom can lose electrons. Is usually metals.
What do you add at the end of the name of an ionic compound? -ide.
Compounds are usually Metals
Moleculars are usually Non-metals
You need 2 electrons too... Form a bond.
How many electrons go on the first shell? 2
How many electrons go on the second shell? 8
How many electrons go on the third shell? 8
How many electrons go on the fourth shell? 2
Why are some metals found in pure form whereas other metals are only found in compounds? Because to their reactivity. Pure metals aren't as reactive as metals found in compounds.
What does the term HOFBrINCI help you remember? Diatomic elements/molecules
What is it called when two metals are mixed together? An alloy
What do you do when you mix two metals together? Liquid extraction
What is an isotope? An isotope is an atom that have the same number of protons and electrons but not neutrons.
What is the difference between an isotope and an ion? An isotope is an atom that have the same number of protons and electrons but not neutrons, ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons and have an electrical charge.
Does the density of a substance change if you cut it up into smaller pieces? Why or why not? No, because the density of a substance does not change no matter what the size is.
Why is hydrogen and oxygen such a good fuel mix for the space shuttle? Hydrogen is light-weight, and oxygen is flammable, which helps burn the fuel and launch the spacecraft.
What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
What is an ionic bond? A ionic bond is the a linkage formed from the attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.
Molecular Compound Consists of molecules whose formula represents the actual number of atoms bonded together in the molecule.
Ionic Compounds Are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions.
What is the difference between molecular compounds and ionic compounds? Molecular compounds are the sharing of electrons between 2 non-metals to create covalent bonds. Ionic compounds are when metals bond with nonmetals and transfer electrons. Ionic compounds create ionic bonds.
What are Bohr-Rutherford diagrams used to display? Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What are Orbital Diagrams used to display? Valence electrons
What are Lewis Dot Diagrams used to display? Electrons
What does a Structural Formula display? The bonds between elements in a chemical formula.
How do you know how many bonds an element needs in a Space Filled Diagram/Structural Formula? By the valence electron number.
List 3 properties of metals. Malleable, ductible, and good heat/electricity conductors.
List 3 properties of non-metals. Can be all states of matter. not lustrous, and don't conduct heat/electricity well.
Created by: abbeymcgee
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