Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FAMILY EXAM #2
Newborn Postpartum Adaptations & Assessments #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mongolian Spots | benign blue or purple splotches that appear solitary on the lower back and buttocks of newborns |
| Harlequin | dilation of blood vessels on only one side of the body, giving the newborn the appearance of wearing a clown suit |
| Nevus Vasculosus | a thick white substance that protects the skin of the fetus |
| Stork Bites | superficial vascular areas found on the nape of the neck, on the eyelids, and between the eyes and upper lip |
| Milia | multiple pearly-white or pale yellow unopened sebaceous glands frequently found on a newborn’s nose |
| Erythema Taxicum | benign, idiopathic, generalized, transient rash that occurs in up to 70% of all newborns during the first week of life |
| Nevus Flemmeus | port-wine stain, commonly appears on the newborn’s face or other body areas. Has been known to be linked to certain childhood cancers |
| CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM | describes localized edema on the scalp that occurs from the pressure of the birth process. It is commonly observed after prolonged labor, or with the use of vaccums. Clinically, it appears as a poorly demarcated soft tissue swelling that crosses suture lines. Pitting edema and overlying petechiae and ecchymosis are noted The swelling will gradually dissipate in about 3 days without any treatment. |
| CEPHALHEMATOMA | is a localized subperiosteal collection of blood of the skull which is always confined by one cranial bone, due to pressure on the head and disruption of vessels during birth. Does NOT cross suture lines, and usually no overlying skin discoloration. If large enough leads to hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) |
| MICROCEPHALY | a head circumference more than two standard deviations below average or less than 10% of normal parameters for gestational age, caused by failure of brain development. Reduced production of neurons leading to a reduction of brain volume and as a consequence of that a reduced skull size. Can be from genetics, Zika, rubella, cytomegalovirus, Trisomy disorders, exposure to alcohol, drugs. |
| MACROCEPHALY | Usually a benign condition that does not require intervention. It is a head with a circumference more than 90% of normal, typically related to hydrocephalus. It is often familial (with autosomal dominant inheritance) and can be either an isolated anomaly or a manifestation of other anomalies, including hydrocephalus and skeletal disorders (achondroplasia). |
| LARGE FONTANELS | more than 6 cm in the anterior diameter bone to bone or more than a 1-cm diameter in the posterior fontanel; possibly associated with malnutrition, hydrocephaly, congenital hypothyroidism, trisomies 13, 18, and 21, and various bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta. |
| SMALL OR CLOSED FONTANELS | smaller-than-normal anterior and posterior diameters or fontanels that are closed at birth. Craniosynostosis and abnormal brain development refer to the premature fusion of cranial sutures, with inhibition of perpendicular cranial bone growth and are associated with a small fontanel or early fontanel closure associated with microcephaly. Management strategies for syndromic craniosynostosis infants require multidisciplinary subspecialty teams to provide optimal care for complex reconstructive approaches |
| POLYDACTYLY | Extra digits (more than 5 fingers on a hand) |
| SYNDACTYLY | Fusing of two or more digits |
| UPPER EXTREMITIES (hands) | Most have three palmar creases on the hand. If there is only one palmar crease (simian line) this is frequently associated with Down Syndrome |
| BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY | Can occur during a difficult birth involving shoulder dystocia |
| SHOULDER DYSTOCIA | Unpredictable and unpreventable obstetric emergency which can result in a newborn physical injury or death. |
| ERB PALSY | Injury resulting from damage to the upper plexus, and palsies associated with the lower brachial plexus which are termed Klumpke Palsies |
| COMMON NEWBORN CONCERNS | Transient Tachypnea, Physiological Jaundice, Hypoglycemia |
| TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA | Self-limiting condition that appears soon after birth When the fetal liquid in the lungs is removed slowly or incompletely. Can be due to lack of thoracic squeezing that occurs, prolonged labor, birth before 39 weeks gestation, macrosomia of the fetus, gestational diabetes, and maternal asthma. Accompanied by retractions, expiratory grunting or cyanosis and is relieved by low-dose oxygen therapy. Resolves over 24-72 hours. |
| PHYSIOLOGIC JAUNDICE | Very common, yellow skin, mucous membranes, and sclera within that appears after 24 hours of birth. Manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia. Ensure good hydration, phototherapy may be needed. Monitor temp, fluid, electrolytes. Document stool and characteristics. |
| PATHOLOGIC JAUNDICE | Occurs BEFORE the 24 hours of birth |
| HYPOGLYCEMIA | Common in healthy newborns. Occurs due to the decrease of maternal glucose supply. Most are asymptomatic but when present they include jitteriness, lethargy, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, high-pitched or weak cry, hypothermia, and poor feeding. Treatment includes administration of a rapid-acting source of glucose such as dextrose gel, breastfeeding or early formula-feeding. |
| Newborn GI Adaptations | Meconium is the greenish/black, tarry feces usually passed by the newborn within 12-24 hours of birth. It is composed of amniotic fluid, shed mucosal cells, intestinal secretions, and blood. |
| Newborn Renal Adaptations | Glucose is the main source of energy for the first several hours after birth. With the newborns increased energy needs after birth, the liver releases glucose from glycogen stores for the first 24 hours. After birth, the newborn's liver must assume full responsibility for bilirubin metabolism. Which is the yellow-to-orange bile pigment produced by the breakdown of RBCs. |
| Newborn Immune Adaptations | Newborns who are breast-fed receive antibodies from the breast milk which includes IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG. The major source of IgA is human breast milk, so breast-feeding is believed to have significant immunologic advantages over formula feeding. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) crosses the placenta to the fetus while in utero |
| Newborn Integumentary Adaptations | Sensitive & fragile, with neutral pH on the surface, lower lipid content, and higher water content. Making it more vulnerable to injury and infection |
| Newborn Nervous System Adaptations | is immature and continues to develop to achieve full complement of cortical and brain stem cells by 1 year of age. It increases its size threefold during the first year. the strength of a reflex is an important indication of neurologic development and function |
| Newborn Expected Behaviors | Orientation, Habituation, Motor Maturity, Self-Quieting Ability, Social Behaviors |
| Newborn Decreased Responsiveness | 30-120 minutes of age, the newborn enters the second stage of transition, that of the sleep period or a decrease inactivity. |
| Newborn Second Period Of Reactivity | The newborn awakens and shows an interest in environmental stimuli. Lasts 2-8 hours in the normal newborn. |
| Newborn Hearing | Well developed at birth, responds to noise by turning to sound |
| Newborn Taste | Ability to distinguish between sweet and sour by 72 hours old |
| Newborn Smell | Ability to distinguish between mother’s breastmilk and breastmilk from others |
| Newborn Touch | Sensitivity to pain, responds to tactile stimuli |
| Newborn Vision | Incomplete at birth. Maturation is dependent on nutritional and visual stimulation. Newborns have the ability to focus only on CLOSE OBJECTS 8-10 inches away The process of maintaining the balance between heat loss and heat production in order to maintain the body's core internal temperature. It is a critical physiologic function that is closely related to the transition and survival of the newborn. |
| Thermoregulation | The process of maintaining the balance between heat loss and heat production in order to maintain the body's core internal temperature. It is a critical physiologic function that is closely related to the transition and survival of the newborn. |
| Conduction | Involves the transfer of heat from one object to another when the two objects are in direct contact with each other. Refers to heat fluctuation between the newborn's body surface when in contact with other solid surfaces such as a cold mattress, scale, or circumcision restraining board |
| Convection | Involves the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air or to air circulating over a body surface. Examples include a cool breeze that flows over the newborn, a cool room, cool corridors, or outside air currents. |
| Radiation | Involves the loss of body heat to cooler, solid surfaces that are in proximity but not in direct contact with the newborn. Example is when the newborn is placed in a single-wall isolate next to a cold window |
| Evaporation | Involves the loss of heat when a liquid is converted to vapor. May be insensible (such as from skin and respiration) Or sensible (such as from sweating) |
| The Newborns Primary Method of Heat Production | Nonshivering thermogenesis, which is the process in which brown fat (adipose tissue) is oxidized in response to cold exposure |
| Newborn Attempts to Conserve Heat | Increased metabolic rate, oxidative glucose, fat and protein metabolism, peripheral vascocontriction, and assuming a fetal position to hold in heat |
| PKU Screening & Treatment | Universally screen in the US between 24-28 after protein feeding (PKU). includes lifetime diet of foods low in phenylalanine (low protein) and monitoring of blood levels. Special newborn formulas are available (Phenex and Lofenalac) |
| Vernix Caseosa | a thick white substance that protects the skin of the fetus |
| Cardiopulmonary Adaptation | must switch from fetal to neonatal circulation and from placental to pulmonary gas exchange |
| RBC Adaptation | RBCs have a lifespan of 80-100 days which can cause several adjustment problems |
| Most Crucial Newborn Adaptation | adjustment of a fluid medium exchange from the placenta to the lungs and that of a gaseous environment |
Created by:
Nursing.Student.Help
Popular Nursing sets