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AT1 Q1
Cladistics and Origin of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phylogeny: | Hypothesis of evolutionary history of a group |
| Taxanomy: | Classifying and naming organisms |
| What is the relationship between taxanomy and phylogeny? | Taxonomy should reflect phylogeny |
| Cladistics: | Uses homologies to group organisms |
| Analogies: | Not present in common ancestor |
| Clade: | Includes ancestor and all descendants |
| Derived vs ancestral | Depending on whether it is present in most of them |
| Phylogram: | Shows evolutionary relationships and timing (that is determined by dating) |
| What are some ways fossils are dated? | Radiometric dating |
| What is radiating decays? | Uses radioactive isotipes to determine fossil age. |
| How do you know when 1/2 life has passed? | Parent # = daughter # |
| Isotopes? | Different number of neutrons |
| Oparin-Haldane Model: (first step) | 1)abiotic synthesis of organic molecules, |
| Abiotic: | non living |
| Second or OHM (Define Polymer) | Polymerization of these molecules Polymer is a chain of subunits |
| third of OHM | Origin of self-replicaing particles |
| 4 OHM (Define protobionts) | Arrangement into protobionts, first living models, surrounded by membrane |
| Miller-Urey Experiment: | Apparatus modeled ocean, atmospheric gasses and lightning (found small organic molecules) |
| What is against the Miller_Urey study? | May have originated in ocean vents, hydrolysis could have been breaking bonds (Abiotic catlalyst aid polymerization, such as metal ions found in clay) |
| tell me about original genetic material | RNA is less complex, may have been the start of genetic material. |
| Why DNA over RNA now? | More stable, more likely maintained |
| Probionts | spontanous formation of molecules, have many properties of life (think of phospholipids): Properties include splitting or dividing (not copy DNA, reproduction), Maintains different internal environment and extermnal envirnoment, adds lipids or groups). |
| Convergent Evolution | Similarites arise to adaptions to simlar ancestor |
| Outgroup | Outside the clade |
| Homology: (How many types exist) | Sameness due to a common ancestor (2 types, derived and acestral) |
| Define Shared ancestral character | Similarites present in most of all clades |
| Shared derived character | New traites shared my some clades but not all |
| Half life: | Half the radiating decays or is lost, parent atoms converted to daughter atoms |
| Ribozymes: | RNA catalysts, makes copies of short pieces of RNA when provided with nucleotide building blocks, some can romve segements of themselves |
| Liposomes: | A spherical particle in a watery medium formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment |
Created by:
talkglitter2486