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Foundations2
info for test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are alpha-2 receptors found in the body? (5) | 1. Eye 2. Pancreatic islets (contain the cells that secete insulin, glucagon, etc) 3. Presynaptic nerve terminals 4. CNS 5. Nasal vasculature |
| Where are Beta-1 receptors found? (3) | 1. Heart 2. Kidney 3. Eye |
| Where are Beta-2 receptors found? (10) | 1. Vascular smooth muscle of liver (hepatic) and skeletal muscle 2. Pulmonary smooth muscle 3. GI smooth muscle 4. Bladder detrusor muscle 5. Pregnant uterus (myometrium) 6. Skeletal muscle 7. Mast cells 8. Pancreas 9. Liver 10. Eye 5. |
| Where are Beta-3 receptors found? (1) | Fat |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to hepatic and skeletal muscle vascular smooth muscle? | Relaxation, so there can be increased blood flow to the liver and skeletal muscle (for fight or flight) |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do pulmonary smooth muscle? | Relaxes the smooth muscle so there can be increased airflow in the lungs. |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to the GI smooth muscle? | Relaxes the GI smooth muscle so motility stops or decreases because is not important in a situation like fight or flight. |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to the bladder detrusor muscle? | Relaxes it so there is decreased outflow. |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to the pregnant uterus (myometrium) | Relaxation. |
| What is the primary response that Beta-2 receptors do to smooth muscle? | Relaxation. |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to the pancreas? | Increases glucagon secretion (so can break down and have energy as it is needing it). |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to mast cells? | Decreases degranulation (?) |
| What do Beta-2 receptors do to the liver? | Stimulates glycogenolysis so blood glucose is increased. (provides energy for during fight or flight). |
| What are the four tissues/organs that Beta-receptors affect that are not smooth muscle? | 1. Mast cells 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Eye |
| What do Beta-3 receptors affect? | Fat. |
| What is the difference in the action of Beta-3 receptors on the eye from Beta-2's actions? | Beta-2 receptors in the eye cause decreased production of aqueous humor and increased clearance; Beta 3-receptors cause increased production of aqueous humor (?) |
| Alpha-1 receptors primarily cause what? | Vasoconstriction. |
| Beta-1 receptors do what to the heart? | Increase HR and cardiac output (by increasing contractility and force which leads to increased cardiac output). |
| What receptor affects the sphincters of the GI and bladder? And causes what action? | Alpha-1 receptor. Decreasing outflow. |
| Alpha-2 receptors cause what effect at presynaptic nerve terminals? | Decrease neurotransmitter release (NE or ACh). |
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