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Chapter 3 Federalism

QuestionAnswer
Federalism A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Unitary Government System central government holds nearly all the power
intergovernmental relations The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments.
Supremacy Clause Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
Tenth Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national gov and denied the right of a state to tax the fed. bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for expansive federal powers
Enumerated/Expressed Powers The seventeen powers granted to the national government under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. These powers include taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the national defense.
implied powers Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions.
Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause) The clause in Article I, Section 8, that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
Full Faith and Credit Clause Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.
Extradition A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
Privileges and Immunities Clause Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.
Dual Federalism A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Cooperative Federalism A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.
Devolution Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments.
Fiscal Federalism The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments.
categorical grants Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
project grants Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications
formula grants Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.
block grants Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services
Created by: Mrs. Kaminski
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