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vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic radiation | the radiation associated with an electric and magnetic field; it varies periodically and travels at the speed of light |
| quantum | the basic unit of electromagnetic energy; it characterizes the wave properties of electrons |
| electromagnetic spectrum | All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| principle quantum number | the quantum number that indicates the energy and orbital of an electron in an atom |
| spin quantum number | the quantum number that describes the intrinsic angular momentum of a particle |
| electron configuration | the arrangement of electrons in an atom |
| aufbau principle | the principle that states that the structure of each successive element is obtained by adding one proton to the nucleus of the atom and one electron to the lowest-energy orbital that is available |
| wavelength | the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave |
| frequency | the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time; also the number of waves produced in a given amount of time |
| photoelectric effect | The emission of electrons from a material when light of certain frequencies shines on the surface of the material |
| photon | a unit or quantum of light; a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy |
| ground state | the lowest energy state of a quantized system |
| excited state | A state in which an atom has more energy than it does at its ground state |
| line emission spectrum | when a narrow beam of the emitted light was shined through a prism, it was separated into four specific colors of the visible spectrum |
| continuous spectrum | the uninterrupted broad bond of all colors (wavelengths) emitted by incandescent solids |
| heisenberg uncertainty principle | the principle that states that determining both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle simultaneously is impossible |
| quantum theory | the study of the structure and behavior of the atom and of subatomic particles from the view that all energy comes in tiny, indivisible bundles |
| orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| quantum number | a number that specifies certain properties of electrons |
| angular momentum quantum number | the quantum number that indicates the shape of an orbital |
| magnetic quantum number | the quantum number that corresponds to the alignment of the angular momentum component with a magnetic field |
| pauli exclusion principle | the principle that states that two particles of a certain class cannot be in exactly the same energy state |
| hunds rule | the rule that states that for an atom in the ground state, the number of unpaired electrons is the maximum possible and these unpaired electrons have the same spin |
| noble gas | one of the elements of Group 18 of the periodic table (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon); noble gases are unreactive |
| noble gas configuration | an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons |
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