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Unit3Chem

Atomic Structure

QuestionAnswer
Ernest Rutherford Discovered the center of the atom was very small and dense with an overall positive charge
Ernest Rutherford Created the gold foil experiment
Proton Subatomic particle with a positive charge
Mass Number Protons + Neutrons in an atom
Atomic Mass Weighted average of the masses of the element's isotopes
Atomic Number Equal to the number of protons
Proton Mass 1 amu
Cathode Ray Experiment JJ Thomson discovered a particle with a negative charge called the electron - knew it was negative due to the positive and negative plates. Opposites attract.
Isotopes Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Anion Atom with a negative charge. Name is element name with "-ide" at the end
First part of Dalton's Atomic Theory All matter is made of individual particles called atoms
Second part of Dalton's Atomic Theory Atoms of the same element have identical properties (not true)
Third part of Dalton's Atomic Theory Atoms of different elements can combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds
Fourth part of Dalton's Atomic Theory Atoms are rearranged, separated, or combined in chemical reactions.
Gold Foil Experiment Used fast moving alpha particles in a beam. Most particles passed straight through, showing atoms are mostly empty space. Few were deflected at small angles, coming close to the center. Rarely, they were deflected at large angles, hitting nucleus.
Democritus First person to think about an atom's existence - believed matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms
Eugene Goldstein Discovered the proton
James Chadwick Discovered the neutron
Mass of electrons 1/1840 amu
Ion Atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge. Forms when an atom gains or loses electrons.
Cations Atom or group of atoms with a positive charge. Same name as the element that forms them, but has different chemical properties.
Created by: ClimbingBird
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