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Chapter 3
Federalism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalism | Government authority shared by national and local governments. |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and that has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution. |
| Nullification | The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution. |
| Dual Federalism | Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate. |
| Cooperative Federalism | Idea that the federal and state governments share power in many policy areas. |
| Laboratories of Democracy | Idea that different states can implement different policies, and the successful ones will spread. |
| Initiative | Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot. |
| Referendum | Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature. |
| Recall | Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office. |
| Grants-in-Aids | Money given by the national government to the states. |
| Categorical Grants | Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport. |
| Conditions of Aid | Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds. |
| Mandates | Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants. |
| Waiver | A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it. |
| Devolution | The transfer of power from the national government to state and local governments. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Defined citizenship and Equal Protection Clause |
| Commerce Clause | Gives Congress power over matters involving interstate trade or economy. |
| Federal Revenue Sharing | Distribution of tax money to state and local governments. |
| Block Grants | Federal grants for general purposes which the states have power over. |
| Policy Making | Law making procedures in government. |
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BucketOfBananas
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