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chemestry ch 1,2
chemestry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that occupies space, possesses mass and displays inertia |
| atom | Basic unit of matter or of a chemical element |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler component by any non-nunclear chemical reaction |
| Compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| Molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, smallest entity of a compound |
| Substance | matter that has a uniform and definite composition, is composed of elements and compounds |
| Mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined, can be classified as homogeneous and heteregenous |
| extensive properties | depend on the amount of matter that is present (ex: mass, volume) |
| intensive properties | do not depend on the amount of matter present (ex: density, 1 kg of silver is more dense than 1 kg of cotton) |
| Density | mass/volume ( property that characterizes a certain element) |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | the total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass present before the reaction |
| Law of Constant Composition | all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| mass number (atomic mass) | The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (units amu "u")/average of the isotopic masses in the nature (give more importance to the ones with bigger abundance) |
| isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Ions | positively and negatively charged atoms (atoms can lose or gain electrons) |
| the charge of an ion | is equal to the number of protons minus the number of electrons |
| groups or families on the periodic table | (Verticle colomn) of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical properties. Have similar eletron configuration. Form ions of the same charge. React in a simliar fashion. |
| metals | are solid at room temperature, malleable, ductile( que cambia su forma por presion, cuando lo estiramos o aplastamos), good conductors of heat and electricity, shiny appereance |
| nonmetals | several are gases at room temperature |
| Metalloids | Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. |
| noble gases | the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table |
| the main group of metals | are in groups 1 and 2, they lose the same number of electrons according to the group they are |
| transition metals | Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alsali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density |
| mole | the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance |
| Avogadro's number | number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 X 10^23 |
| molar mass | the mass of one mole of a pure substance (g/mol) |
Created by:
samiliz
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