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Study Guide
...Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geologist | Geologists are scientists who study the Earth: its history, nature, materials and processes. There are many types of geologists: environmental geologists, who study human impact on the Earth system; and economic geologists, who explore for and develop Ear |
| Geology | What is Geology? Simply, geology is the study of the Earth. Generally, geologists study how the Earth works, both today and in the past. We like to think of geology as the 'liberal arts' of the sciences. |
| Granite | Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. It forms from the slow crystallization of magma below |
| Basalt | Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) |
| Seismic waves | seismic waves an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| Constructive force | A constructive force is a process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. Anything that adds or builds up. |
| Destructive force | The process of breaking down of rocks and land due to forces such as gravity, wind, water and ice. When it rains, rocks are washed down a mountain or down a stream. Soils are washed away. The ocean beats against a cliff and breaks it apart |
| Crust | “Crust” describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. Our planet's thin, 40-kilometer (25-mile) deep crust—just 1% of Earth's mass—contains all known life in the universe. Earth has three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is |
| Mantle | The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth's total v |
| Lithosphere | The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the |
| Outer core | The outer core is the third layer of the Earth. It is the only liquid layer, and is mainly made up of the metals iron and nickel, as well as small amounts of other substances. The outer core is responsible for Earth's magnetic field. As Earth spins on its |
| Inner core | Inner Core The inner core is a hot, dense ball of (mostly) iron. It has a radius of about 1,220 kilometers (758 miles). Temperature in the inner core is about 5,200° Celsius (9,392° Fahrenheit). The pressure is nearly 3.6 million atmosphere (atm) |
| Pressure | 14.7 pounds per square inch When gravity acts on the air, the air exerts a force upon the earth called pressure. The typical pressure at sea level is 1013.25 millibars or 14.7 pounds per square inch. A millibar is a unit that is used to report the the at |
| Heat transfer | Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical |
| Radiation | Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light. This energy has an electric field and a magnetic field |
| Conduction | Energy is transferred between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere in a variety of ways, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves from place to place. The other two ways heat moves |
| Convection | The main heat transfer mechanism in the Earth's mantle is convection, a thermally driven process where heating at depth causes material to expand and become less dense, causing it to rise while being replaced by complimentary cool material that sinks. |
| Convection currents | Convection currents drive the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates in the planet's fluid molten mantle. In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust's surface, tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor |
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frazierkie11
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