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Nursing 250

Neurotransmitters

QuestionAnswer
Neurotransmitter: Monoamines Dopamine Norepinephrine (NE) (noradrenaline) Serotonin (5-HT) Histamine (H)
Dopamine (DA) Receptors: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 Effects/Comments: Involved in fine motor movement Involved in integration of emotions and thoughts Involved in decision making Stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Parkinson’s disease Depression Increase: Schizophrenia Mania
Norepinephrine (NE) (noradrenaline) Receptors: α1, α2, β1, β2, β3 Effects/Comments: Level in brain affects mood Attention and arousal Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for “fight or flight” in response to stress Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Depression Increase: Mania Anxiety states Schizophrenia
Serotonin (5-HT) Receptors: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, others Effects/Comments: Plays a role in sleep regulation, hunger, mood states, and pain perception Hormonal activity Plays a role in aggression and sexual behavior Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Depression
Histamine (H) Receptors: H1, H2 Effects/Comments: Involved in alertness Involved in inflammatory response Stimulates gastric secretion Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Sedation Weight gain
Neurotransmitter: Amino Acids γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glutamate
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Receptors: GABAA, GABAB Effects/Comments: Plays a role in inhibition; reduces aggression, excitation, and anxiety May play a role in pain perception Has anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing properties May impair cognition and psychomotor functioning Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Anxiety Schizophrenia Mania Huntington’s disease Increase: Reduction of anxiety
Glutamate Receptors: NMDA, AMPA Effects/Comments: Excitatory AMPA plays a role in learning and memory Association with Mental Health: Decrease (NMDA): Psychosis Increase (NMDA): Prolonged increased state can be neurotoxic Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease Increase (AMPA): Improvement of cognitive performance in behavioral tasks
Neurotransmitter: Cholinergic Acetylcholine (ACh)
Acetylcholine (ACh) Receptors: Nicotinic (α4β2, others), muscarinic (M1, M2, M3) Effects/Comments: Plays a role in learning and memory Stimulates parasympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for "resting and digesting" actions Affects sexual and aggressive behavior Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease Parkinson’s disease Increase: Depression
Neurotransmitter: Peptides Substance P Hypocretin/Orexin Neurotensin
Substance P Receptors: NK1 Effects/Comments: Facilitates the transmission of pain signals along the spinal cord Antagonists of NK1 have shown antidepressant effects Association with Mental Health: Involved in regulation of pain and possibly mood and anxiety
Hypocretin/Orexin Receptors: OX1R, OX2R Effects/Comments: Promotes and sustains wakefulness Association with Mental Health: Decrease: Narcolepsy
Neurotensin Receptors: NTR1, NTR2, NTR3 Effects/Comments: Endogenous antipsychotic-like properties Association with Mental Health: Possibly involved in disorders involving dopamine, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease
Created by: bonitasoul
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