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Unit 2 Med Term
Words and word parts for Unit 2 In Health and Disease
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | in front or towards the front |
| caud/o | tail; lower part of the body |
| cephal/o | head |
| cyt/o (root); -cyte (suffix) | cell |
| end-; endo- | within or inside |
| exo- | outside of |
| hist/o | tissue |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -ology | study of; science |
| path/o; -pathy | disease; suffering |
| plas/i; plas/o; -plasia | development; growth; formation |
| poster/o | behind or toward the back |
| -stasis; -static | control, maintenance of a constant level |
| abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of digestion |
| adenectomy | surgical removal of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of glandular tissue |
| adenoma | a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue |
| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland |
| anaplasia | a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| anatomy | The study of body structure |
| anatomical position | To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward |
| anomaly | deviation from what is normal |
| anterior | in front or situated in the front |
| aplasia | the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue |
| bloodborne transmission | the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood |
| caudal | towards the lower part of the body or the tail end |
| cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. |
| communicable disease | any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| congenital disorder | an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| distal | farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| dominant gene | A gene that is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present |
| Down syndrome | a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease |
| dorsal | the back surface of the body |
| droplet transmission | the spread of diseases such as cold and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object |
| dysplasia | abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
| endemic | Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area |
| endocrine glands | glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| endothelium | the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs |
| epidemiologist | a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group |
| epidemic | a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area |
| epigastric region | located above the stomach |
| epithelial tissue | A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out |
| etiology | the study of the causes of diseases |
| exocrine glands | secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body |
| coronal or frontal plane | Divides the body into front and back portions. |
| functional disorder | produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
| genetic disorder | a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
| geriatrician | a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
| hemophilia | A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding |
| histology | the study of the microscopic structure of tissues |
| homeostasis | the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
| hospitalist | physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients |
| hyperplasia | the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues |
| hypertrophy | a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues |
| hypogastric | below the stomach |
| hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ or tissue |
| iatrogenic illness | an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
| idiopathic disorder | an illness without known cause |
| infectious disease | an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
| inguinal | pertaining to the groin |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| medial | toward the midline |
| mesentery | structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall |
| midsagittal plane | divides the body into equal right and left sides |
| muscle tissue | A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move. |
| nosocomial infection | a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
| parietal peritoneum | outer layer of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| pelvic cavity | the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
| peritoneum | membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| phenylketonuria | inherited disease characterized by inability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine in the bloodstream |
| physiology | The study of body function |
| posterior | behind or situated in the back |
| proximal | Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum |
| stem cells | unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells |
| thoracic cavity | cavity housing lungs and heart |
| transverse plane | horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions |
| umbilicus | depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord |
| vector-borne transmission | the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector |
| ventral | front surface of the body |
Created by:
amymb
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