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Epithelial Tissue
Slide Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where can epithelial tissue be found? | Lining hollow organs. cavities, and ducts |
| What does connective tissue do? | supports and binds structures together, stores energy as fat, and provide immunity to disease |
| What do muscle tissues do? | The cells shorten in length to produce movment |
| What do nerve tissues do? | Conduct electrical signals, detect changes of body, and respond with nerve impulses |
| What are the 3 primary germ layers of tissues? | Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
| What is a tight junction? | water tight seal between cells. plasma fused with strips of proteins |
| Where are tight junctions found? | found in cells that line GI tracts and bladder |
| What is an adherons junction? | holds epithelial cells together, consists of plaque(dense layer of proteins inside cell membrane), microfilaments extend into cytoplasm, integral membrane proteins connect to membrane of other cells |
| What is a desmosome? | Resist cellular separation&disruption, intracellular intermediate filaments cross cytoplasm of cell, cellular support of cardiac muscle |
| What is a hemidesmosome? | half a desmosome, connects cells extracellular material to basement membrane |
| What is a gap junction? | tiny space between plasma membranes, crossed by protein channels called connexons forming fluid filled tunnels, cell communication with ions and small molecules, muscle and nerve impulses spread from cell to cell |
| Where are gap junctions found? | heart and smooth muscle of gut |
| What is epithelial tissue? | closely packed cells forming continuous sheets, it sits on a basement membrane, apical free surface, avascular, good nerve supply, rapid cell division |
| What are the two types of epithelial tissues? | lining/covering and glandular |
| What is the basement membrane made of? | Basil lamina which is fro epithelial cells and collagen fibers and reticular lamina which is secreted by connective tissue cells and reticular fibers |
| What is the function of the basement membrane? | hold cells to connective tissue and guide for cell migration during development |
| Covering and lining Epithelium | epidermis of skin, lining of blood vessels, and ducts, lining respiratory, reproductive, urinary, and GI tract |
| Glandular Epithelium | secreting portion of glands, thyroidodrenal and sweat glands, derived from epithelial cells that sank below the surface during development |
| Simple | 1 layer |
| Stratified | multiple layers |
| psuedostratified | 1 layer but not all cells reach apical surface |
| squamous | flat |
| cuboidal | cube shaped |
| columnar | column shaped |
| transitional | shape varies with tissue stretching |
| What is cilia? | long and narrow hair-like projections from the apical surface of a few epithelial cells |
| What is microvilli? | finger like protrusions from the cellular membrane |
| simple squamous | lines blood vessels and body cavities, very thin looking, centrally located nuclei, cells indirect contact with each other |
| simple cuboidal | nuclei round and centrally located and lines tubes of kidney |
| non ciliated simple columnar | unicellular glands(goblet cells that secrete mucus), in GI tract, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems |
| ciliated simple columnar | in respiratory system and urine tubes, mucous from goblet cells move along by cilia |
| kerantinized stratified squamous | surface cells dead and filled with keratin, found in skin(epidermus) |
| stratified cuboidal | rare, only found in sweat gland ducts and male urethra |
| function of simple squamous | controls diffusion, osmosis, & filtration |
| function of simple cuboidal | absorbs or secrete |
| function of non ciliated simple columnar | lubricate and microvilli absorbs from stomach to anus |
| non-kerantinized stratified squamous | no keratin in moist living cells at surface, found in mouth and vagina |
| stratified columnar | rare, found in large ducts and part of male urethra |
| transitional | surface cells cuboidal when relaxed and squamous when stretched, lines hollow organs that expand from within-urinary bladder |
| pseudostratified columnar | nuclei at varying depth, found in respiratory system, male urethra and epididymus |
| exocrine glands | cells that secrete sweat, earwax, saliva, and digestive enzymes onto free surface of epithelial layer, connected to surface by tubes(ducts)m unicellular or multicellular glands |
| endocrine glands | secrete hormones into bloodstream which helps maintain homeostasis |
| unicellular glands | single celled glands-goblet cellls |
| multicellular glands | branched or unbranched, tubular or acinar(flask-shaped) |
| ducts of multicellular glands | sweat gland ducts or stratified cuboidal |
| merocrine(most glands) | cells release their products by exocytosis-saliva, digestive enzymes, and sweat |
| apocrine | smelly sweat and milk, upper part of cell possibly pinches off and dies |
| holocrine(oil glands) | whole cell die and ruptures to release product |
| General function of simple epithelium | provides a selective barrier allowing diffusion, filtration, secretion, or absorption of selected substances |
| General function of stratified epithelium | forms a protective barrier, preventing pathogens and foreign materials from crossing into underlying tissues |
Created by:
lizU
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