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RCP 110 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Total Lung Capacity | The maximum amount of air that the lungs can accommodate () Male: 6000mL Female:4200 mL |
| Vital Capacity | The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration () Male: 4800mL Female: 3200mL |
| Residual Volume | The amount of air still in the lungs after a forced ERV () Male: 1200mL Female: 1000mL |
| Inspiratory Capacity | The volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation () Male: 3600mL Female: 2400mL |
| Functional Residual Capacity | The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation () Male: 2400mL Female:1800mL |
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume | The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled beyond Vt () Male:3100mL Female: 1900mL |
| Tidal Volume | The amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath during quiet breathing () Male: 500mL Female: 400-500mL |
| Expiratory Reserve Volume | The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal Vt () Male: 1200mL Female:800mL |
| Be able to identify the characteristics of obstructive lung disease and identify the conditions that fall in the obstructive category | Bronchial secretions, Mucus plugging, Broncho spasm, Distal airway weakening. Cystic Fibrous, Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, and Emphysema |
| Identify conditions that are categorized as restrictive lung disease | Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema, Flail chest, Pneumothorax, Pleural effusion, Chronic interstitial lung disease, Lung cancer, ARDS, post operative alveolar collapse. |
| What is the partial pressure of water vapor | 47 mmHg |
| What is the value for barometric pressure | 760 mmHg |
| Effects of oxygen toxicity in the pulmonary system | Tracheobronchitis, Substernal chest pain, Atelectasis, Decreased vital capacity, Decreased lung compliance, Decreased diffusing capacity |
| What is the primary mechanism responsible for moving air in and out o the lungs during ventilation | Pressure gradient |
| What accounts for the difference is the PO2 of the atmosphere and the PO2 in the alveoli | Dilution of Oxygen in CO2 and water vapor |
| Indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy | Gas embolism Decompression sickness Radiation necrosis Diabetic wounds Non-healing skin grafts Crush injuries Acute traumatic ischemia Thermal burns Clostridal gangrene Necrotizing soft tissue infection Refractory osteomyelitis CO&Cyanide poisoning Anemia |
| Which gas law states that the total pressure exterted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas in the mixture? | Dalton's Law |
| What effects does increasing and decreasing altitude have on the oxygen in the atmosphere | Increase in altitude, decrease in pressure, less dense but FiO2 is still 21% Decrease in altitude, increase in pressure, more dense but FiO2 is still 21% |
| Under normal resting conditions, what is the total transit time required for blood to move through the alveolar capillary system? | 0.75 seconds |
| Be able to calculate the PAO2 | [(PB - PH2O) x FiO2] - (PaCO2/0.8) |
| Be able to calculate the P(A-a)O2 and identify it is normal or increased | PAO2 - PaO2 Room air normal: 5-15 mmHg |
| What conditions can increase the thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane? | Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, Interstitial lung disease, ARDS, RDS |
| What is the normal thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane | 0.36 - 2.5 mm |
| Effects of oxygen toxicity in the central nervous system | Tremors, Twitching, Convulsions, Coma, Death |
| What is oxygen toxicity caused by | High concentrations over 24 hours, increase when >50% |
| Cheyne Stokes | 10- 30 seconds of apnea, followed by gradual increase and decrease in breaths, caused by brain stem injury, overdose, and cerebral disorders |
| Kussmauls | Increased depth and rate of breathing, caused by diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoxemia. |
| Anatomic dead space | No gas exchange. 1mL per 1lb of patient |
| Alveolar dead space | Ventilation without perfusion |
| Sum of VD Alveolar + VD Anatomic | VD Physiologic |
| Laminar flow | Gas flow that is streamlined |
| Turbulent flow | Gas molecules that move through a tube in a random manner |
| Transitional flow | Laminar or turbulent gas flow may predominate |
| Time constant | Necessary time to inflate a particular lung region to about 60% of its potential lung filling capacity Lungs w/ increased Raw or CL require more time to fill up Lungs w/decreased Raw or CL require less time to fill up |
| Understand what happens to flow and pressure when the radius of the tube decreases | Flow decrease and pressure builds |
| How to improve alveolar ventilation | Increase tidal volume |
| Minute alveolar ventilation | (Vt - VD) x Breaths/min |
Created by:
K.Moskowitz
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