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VitaminsMinerals
PTCB Test Vitamins and Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fat soluable vitamins | vitamins that are mostly absorbed by other lipids. They can accumulate in the body causing toxicty or hypervitaminosis. They are not normally excreted in the urine. |
| hypervitaminosis | an abnormal condition resulting from excessive intake of toxic amounts of one or more vitamins, especially of a long period of time |
| hypovitaminosis | a condidtion that occurs because of a deficiency of one or more vitamins. Example rickets |
| vitamin D (calciferol) | fat soluable - essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth and for absorbtion of calcium and phosphorus in the GI tract |
| vitamin A (retinol) | fat soluable - essential for skeletal growth, normal mucosal epithelium and visual activity |
| vitamin E (tocopherol) | fat soluable - essential for normal reproduction, muscle development and resistance of red blood cell breakdown |
| vitamin K (k1=phylloquinone, k2=menaquinone, k3=menadione) | fat soluable - is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin (clotting of blood). Can interfere with anticoagulants. |
| vitamin B1 (thiamin) | water soluable - essential for metabolism and health of cardiovascular and nervous systems |
| vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | water soluable - essential to metabolism and preventing visual disorders |
| vitamin B3 (niacin) | water soluable - essential for healthy skin, tongue and digestive system |
| vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | water soluable - essential for the breakdon of amino acids and production of antibodies |
| vitamin B7 (biotin) | water soluable - sysnthesized by intestinal flora |
| vitamin B9 (folic acid) | water soluable - essential for cell growth and reproduction of red blood cells |
| vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) | water soluable - essential for normal functioning of cells and energy metabolism |
| vitamin C (absorbic acid) | water soluable - essential for the formation of collagen tissue and normal teeth, bone, cartilage connective tissue and skin. It protects the body against infections and helps heal wounds. |
| water soluable vitamins | are componenets of essential enzyme systems. The body will use what it needs and then flush the rest typically through urine |
| minerals | inorganic substance occuring naturally in the earths crust that the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues for life functions. They are divided in to major and trace elements |
| major minerals | those minerals requiring intake of more than 100mg/day |
| trace elements | minerals that occure in very small amounts in the body and require less than 100mg/day intake |
| calcium (Ca) | mineral - major -the most abundant mineral in the body is present mainly in the bones and is required for transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blod coagulation, and cardiac functions. Daly requirement - 800 - 1200mg |
| phosphorus (P) | mineral - major - essential metabolism of protien, calcium and glucose. It aids in building strong bones and teeth and acid balance. |
| chloride (Cl) | mineral - major - involved in the maintenance of fluid and the body's acid base balance |
| sodium (Na) | mineral - major - involved in acid base balance, water balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and contaction of muscles |
| potassium (K) | mineral - major electrolyte - helps regulate neuromuscular exciability and muscle contraction |
| magnesium (Mg) | mineral - major - improtant to the function of many enzyme systems, it helps build strong bones, teeth and regulate heartbeat |
| iron (Fe) | mineral - trace element - essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and myglobin, plays a major role in the transfer of oxygen to the body tissues |
| iodine (I) | mineral - trace element - essential micronutrient of the thyroid hormone |
| zinc (Zn) | mineral - trace element - essential for several enzymes, growth, gluclose tolerance, wound healing and taste acuity |
| flouride (F) | mineral - trace element - helps prevent tooth decay, osteporosis and gum disease |
| copper (Cu) | mineral - trace element - is a component of several enzymes and is essential to good health |
| electrolytes | compounds, particularly salts, that when dissolved in water or other solvent, dissociate into ions and are able to conduct electrical current. Examples sodium, potassium, and chloride. |
| enteral | directly into the GI tract. can be orally or rectally |
| parental | anything other than by mouth |
| hyperalimentation | total parental nutrition used to meet the paitents nutritional requirements when the enteral route can not accomplish this. |
| phosphorus (P) | mineral - major - essential metabolism of protien, calcium and glucose. It aids in building strong bones and teeth and acid balance. |
| chloride (Cl) | mineral - major - involved in the maintenance of fluid and the body's acid base balance |
| sodium (Na) | mineral - major - involved in acid base balance, water balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and contaction of muscles |
| potassium (K) | mineral - major electrolyte - helps regulate neuromuscular exciability and muscle contraction |
| magnesium (Mg) | mineral - major - improtant to the function of many enzyme systems, it helps build strong bones, teeth and regulate heartbeat |
| iron (Fe) | mineral - trace element - essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and myglobin, plays a major role in the transfer of oxygen to the body tissues |
| iodine (I) | mineral - trace element - essential micronutrient of the thyroid hormone |
| zinc (Zn) | mineral - trace element - essential for several enzymes, growth, gluclose tolerance, wound healing and taste acuity |
| flouride (F) | mineral - trace element - helps prevent tooth decay, osteporosis and gum disease |
| copper (Cu) | mineral - trace element - is a component of several enzymes and is essential to good health |
| electrolytes | compounds, particularly salts, that when dissolved in water or other solvent, dissociate into ions and are able to conduct electrical current. Examples sodium, potassium, and chloride. |
| enteral | directly into the GI tract. can be orally or rectally |
| parental | anything other than by mouth |
| hyperalimentation | total parental nutrition used to meet the paitents nutritional requirements when the enteral route can not accomplish this. |
| N/G tube | nasal/ gasteric tube used for enteral feeding |
Created by:
rpusbach
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