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Ch. 4 Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
What is a renewable resource? Provide examples Are replaced over a short period of time. Examples are plants/animals, trees, and water, wind, sun energy.
What is a nonrenewable resource? Are replaced over long periods of time. Examples are fossil fuels, metals, and fresh water.
What are the three primary fossil fuels that we use and how do they form? Coal - Forms from decayed plant remains in a swamp area. Oil and Natural Gas - Form from plant and animal remains buried at sea. Intense pressure and lots of time = oil and natural gas.
What are some examples of processes that are part of the carbon cycle? Photosynthesis, animal respiration, fossil fuels, and burning fossil fuels.
What are the 4 stages in coal development in the correct order? Peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
What are tar sands and what are the drawbacks to its use? Thick tar (like thick oil) combined with sand and clay. The drawbacks are that it leaves contaminated and toxic water behind. Also, is expensive.
What is oil shale and what are the drawbacks to its use? Rock mixed with a hydrocarbon known as kerogen (like oil). Push hot water in to heat kerogen, it vaporizes, rises, and is collected. Some drawbacks are earthquakes.
What is the fuel for nuclear fission? Uranium.
What type of alternative energy source is nuclear fission associated with? Nuclear energy.
Describe how wind energy is obtained and any drawbacks. Use of wind turbines. Wind turns turbine, turbine generates electricity. Some drawbacks are cost to buy large areas of land, noise pollution, cost to construct and maintain.
Describe how solar energy is obtained and any drawbacks. Use of panels to collect energy from sun. Drawbacks are expensive equipment and installation and may need other form of energy if cloudy days occur.
Describe how tidal power is harnessed and any drawbacks. Construct a dam across the mouth of bay or estuary (river opening). As tide comes in and out, water moves through dam and turns turbines.
Describe how hydroelectric power is obtained and any drawbacks. Energy from falling water turns turbines and generates electricity. Large dam controls water flow. Drawbacks are sediment deposits restrict dam lifetime, must have suitable site, and can affect wildlife in area.
What is an ore? Useful metallic minerals. A mineral mined for profit (iron ore).
Name and describe the 3 ways that mineral deposits form. Igneous processes - cooling and hardenign of magma, hydrothemal solutions - minerals come out of super-heated water (vein deposits), placer deposit - minerals eroded from rocks and desposited together.
What is a vein deposit and which mineral deposit formation process are they associated with? Vein deposit - thin streak of miner that formed when hot water forced its way into cracks in rocks and minerals came out of water - hydrothermal solutions.
What is the most common nonmetallic, mineral resource found in Indiana that is used for building and as an industrial mineral? Limestone.
What is point source pollution? When water pollution comes from a specific source (you can point to it). Like pipe dumping into river.
What is non-point source pollution? When source of water pollution is not obvious. Like runoff from fertilizer on farm field.
What did the Clean Water Act (CWA) do? Made point source pollution illegal.
What did the Safe Drinking Water Act do Set maximum contaminant levels for drinking water.
What are the sources of freshwater in Fort Wayne? 3 rivers and groundwater (wells).
What did the Clean Air Act do? Set air quality standards. Monitored 6 contaminants known to cause health issues.
What did the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act do? Set guidelines for getting rid of hazardous waste.
What did the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act do? Companies/individuals caught illegally dumping are financially responsible for clean-up.
Created by: Hanna4675
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