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Chem Unit 1 Terms

TermDefinition
Chemistry the study of matter and all its changes
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter, ex: color, density, boiling point, odor, hardness
extensive property depends on the amount of matter, ex: mass, volume, length
hypothesis a tentative explanation
theory an explanation supported by many experiments but can still be modified based on new results, and can be used to make predictions about future outcomes
law tells us what is going to happen by showing a relationship in nature that is supported by lots of experiments. could be in the form of a mathematical equation
law vs theory law describes what is going to happen while a theory describes why it happens
SI base units time: seconds(s) length: meter (m) mass: gram (g) temperature: Kelvin (k) amount of substance: mole (mol)
scientific notation used to represent very big and very small numbers
multiplying in scientific notation multiply the coefficients and add the exponents
dividing in scientific notation divide the coefficients and subtract the exponents
dimensional analysis used to convert one unit into another by using conversion factors
accuracy how close a measured value is to the true value
precision how close a series of numbers are to one another
significant figures read to all known digits plus one estimated digit
significant figures rules 1) all non-zero digits are significant 2) all zeros between non-zero digits are significant 3) leading zeros are never significant 4) trailing zeros are only significant if there is a decimal place
defined constants have infinite sig figs
adding/subtracting with sig figs 1) do the math 2) pick the measurement with the least decimal places 3) round answer to have to the same number of decimal places
multiplying/dividing with sig figs 1) do the math 2) pick the measurement with the least number of sig figs 3) round the answer to have the same number of sig figs
calculating % error |[(theoretical value➖experimental value)➗theoretical value]✖️100|
types of matter matter is broken into pure substances and mixtures
pure substances broken into elements and compounds
mixtures 1) combination of 2+ pure substances in which each substance retains its individual chemical properties, ex: vinegar solution 2) broken into homogeneous and heterogeneous
compound has chemical bonds, ex: sugar, salt
elements listed on the periodic table and they can't be broken into other things
physical change mixtures are separated by physical changes into simpler substances, changes that occur without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
examples of physical changes cutting, crushing, ripping, bending, changing of form, phase changes
phase changes melting: solid to liquid freezing: liquid to solid evaporation: liquid to gas condensation: gas to liquid sublimation: solid to gas deposition: gas to solid
chemical change compounds are are separated by chemical changes into simpler substances, changes that involve the formation of a new chemical substance
examples of a chemical change brunin, rusting, oxidation, decomposition, fermentation, rotting
signs of a chemical change color change, formation of gas (bubbling, fizzing, odor), change in energy (gets hot or cold), formation of a solid
homogeneous mixture constant composition throughout or a solution
heterogeneous mixture does not blend out smoothly
physical properties of matter can be observed without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
examples of physical properties color, size, shape, odor, texture, state of matter, boiling point, melting point, density
chemical properties of matter the ability of one substance to combine with another or to change its chemical makeup
examples of chemical properties reactivity with another substance, flammability, ability to decompose
Created by: lucy_ward26
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